CH 1 SUM: The Chemistry of Life
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Questions and Answers

What are pure substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means?

  • Elements (correct)
  • Atoms
  • Molecules
  • Compounds

    • What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element?

  • Molecule
  • Atom (correct)
  • Compound
  • Ion

    • Which bond allows atoms to form molecules?

  • Ionic bond
  • Metallic bond
  • Covalent bond (correct)
  • Hydrogen bond

    • Which of the following is true about compounds and molecules?

    <p>All compounds are molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT commonly found in living organisms?

    <p>Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of chemistry, what defines an atom's unique characteristics?

    <p>Atomic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Vitamin A in the body?

    <p>Crucial for visual health and immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency can lead to night blindness?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a source of Vitamin C?

    <p>Citrus fruits like oranges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency can cause scurvy?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of Vitamin E in the body?

    <p>Functions as an antioxidant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for bone and teeth mineralization?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

    <p>Provide guidelines for nutrient intake to prevent deficiency diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of organic compounds can be identified through a Starch test with iodine?

    <p><strong>Carbohydrates</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of listing nutrient contents on food packages?

    <p>To help consumers make informed dietary choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the energy content of a food item calculated?

    <p>By multiplying the weight of each macronutrient by the number of calories it provides per gram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a balanced diet?

    <p>Having a variety of food types in appropriate quantities and proportions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can lead to malnutrition?

    <p>Not eating enough food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can iron be sourced from according to the text?

    <p>Spinach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disease that can result from malnutrition?

    <p>Kwashiorkor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient serves as the body's main energy source?

    <p><strong>Carbohydrates</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for bone health and can be obtained from dairy products and fortified cereals?

    <p><strong>Calcium</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is essential for oxygen transport in the human body?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound is primarily involved in energy storage in plants?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common environmental issue caused by the overuse of inorganic fertilisers?

    <p>Eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lipid is typically found in plants and is liquid at room temperature?

    <p>Unsaturated fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organic compound is composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is essential for chlorophyll production in plants?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound is responsible for storing the genetic blueprint for an organism?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended practice to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of fertiliser use?

    <p>Using natural fertilisers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary organic compounds that constitute living organisms?

    <p>Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage composition of water in humans?

    <p>65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound?

    <p>Sodium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of water in temperature regulation?

    <p>Water absorbs and releases heat slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a primary function of water?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a macro-element required by humans and animals?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of minerals in living organisms?

    <p>To perform critical metabolic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an organic compound?

    <p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of carbohydrates in the body?

    <p>Long-term energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can Vitamin C be primarily sourced from?

    <p>Citrus fruits and bell peppers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is essential for blood health and can be found in red meat and spinach?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Vitamin A in the body?

    <p>Vision and immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of caloric content, which macronutrient provides the highest energy per gram?

    <p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can an unbalanced diet potentially lead to?

    <p>Obesity and malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is crucial for muscle repair and growth?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common element essential to life?

    <p>Silicon (Si)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond allows atoms to form molecules?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a compound composed of two different elements?

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of atoms that defines their unique properties?

    <p>Number of protons in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of compounds?

    <p>Hybrid compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common macro-element required by humans and animals?

    <p>Silicon (Si)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of water in living organisms?

    <p>Storing genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property of molecules?

    <p>Retaining the properties of the element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organic compounds is not primarily involved in energy storage?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the human body is composed of mineral salts?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties of water does NOT support its role as a 'universal solvent'?

    <p>High heat capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a macro-element required by humans and animals?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of minerals in living organisms?

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage composition of carbohydrates in humans, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organic compounds is composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of water in supporting structural integrity in animals and plants?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of micro-elements in the human body?

    <p>They are vital for functions such as oxygen transport and thyroid hormone production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main environmental issue caused by the overuse of inorganic fertilisers?

    <p>Eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organic compound is composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary function of carbohydrates?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended practice to reduce the negative environmental impacts of fertiliser use?

    <p>Adopting precise application techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a saturated fat?

    <p>Butter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Vitamin E in the body?

    <p>It is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of minerals in living organisms?

    <p>They are essential for functions such as oxygen transport and thyroid hormone production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is crucial for visual health and immune function?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to identify the presence of proteins in organic compounds?

    <p>Protein tests with Biuret and Millon’s reagents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency can lead to pellagra, causing skin lesions, gastrointestinal issues, and psychological disturbances?

    <p>Vitamin B3 (Niacin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound can be identified through a grease-spot test?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Vitamin E in the human body?

    <p>Acting as an antioxidant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency can cause impaired wound healing and bleeding gums?

    <p>Vitamin C deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for neurotransmitter synthesis and red blood cell production?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical test is used to identify the presence of starch in organic compounds?

    <p>Starch test with iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipids in living organisms?

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is essential for thyroid hormone production?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of proteins in living organisms?

    <p>Structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is crucial for genetic information storage and processing?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organic compounds is primarily involved in energy provision through cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can iodine, an essential micro-element, be sourced from according to the text?

    <p>Dairy products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental issue can result from the overuse of inorganic fertilisers?

    <p>Eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is crucial for visual health and immune function?

    <p>Vitamin B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Vitamin C in the body?

    <p>Supports iron metabolism and immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency can lead to a condition characterized by poor vision in low light?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What deficiency disease can result from inadequate Vitamin D intake in children?

    <p>Rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of Vitamin E in the body?

    <p>Functions as an antioxidant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for a wide range of metabolic processes including carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism?

    <p>Vitamin B Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deficiency disease associated with Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency?

    <p>Beriberi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can Vitamin D primarily be sourced from according to the text?

    <p>Egg yolk and liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is essential for oxygen transport in the human body?

    <p>Iron (Fe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is not commonly found in living organisms?

    <p>Aluminum (Al)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common environmental issue caused by the overuse of inorganic fertilizers?

    <p>Global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lipid is typically found in plants and is liquid at room temperature?

    <p>Unsaturated fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is NOT commonly found in proteins?

    <p>Iron (Fe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for neurotransmitter synthesis and red blood cell production?

    <p>Vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound can be identified through a grease-spot test?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins in living organisms?

    <p>Building cellular structures, acting as enzymes, and numerous other functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of water in living organisms?

    <p>Storage of genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of macro-elements in the human body?

    <p>Critical for structural integrity, fluid balance, and nerve transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an inorganic compound?

    <p>Sodium Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of minerals in human and plant nutrition?

    <p>Required by living organisms to perform critical metabolic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of water in plants?

    <p>Nutrient synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of organic compounds?

    <p>Typically bonded to hydrogen (C-H bonds)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of micro-elements in the human body?

    <p>Essential for cellular biochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Vitamin C in the body?

    <p>Immune system support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage composition of fats in humans, according to the RDA?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which micronutrient is essential for blood health and can be obtained from red meat and spinach?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient provides about 4 calories per gram?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is crucial for chlorophyll production in plants?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the RDA value for Vitamin A for males aged 19-30 years?

    <p>900 micrograms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of minerals in living organisms?

    <p>Providing energy for cellular functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of proteins for females aged 19-30 years?

    <p>46 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element?

    <p>Atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is commonly found in living organisms?

    <p>Phosphorus (P)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do atoms form when they bond together through covalent bonds?

    <p>Molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category do compounds fall into based on their composition?

    <p>Organic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about organic compounds?

    <p>They only contain Carbon and Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inorganic compounds are typically characterized by the absence of which element?

    <p>Carbon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines an atom's unique characteristics?

    <p>Atomic structure including electrons and protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

    <p>Providing long-term energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between molecules and compounds?

    <p>Molecules consist of a single element, compounds consist of different elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of minerals in living organisms?

    <p>Facilitating nerve impulse transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient provides about 4 calories per gram?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of proteins in living organisms?

    <p>Aiding in muscle repair and growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vitamin deficiency can lead to diseases like kwashiorkor or anorexia?

    <p>Vitamin A deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is necessary for bone health and can be sourced from dairy products?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of listing nutrient contents on food packages by food manufacturers?

    <p>To allow consumers to compare their intake with RDA values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient provides about 9 calories per gram?

    <p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound is primarily responsible for energy storage in animals?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in living organisms?

    <p>Structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which micro-element is essential for chlorophyll production in plants?

    <p>Manganese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice to reduce the negative environmental impacts of fertiliser use?

    <p>Overusing inorganic fertilisers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient is vital for enzyme activation in plants?

    <p>Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound is composed of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which micronutrient is essential for thyroid hormone production in humans?

    <p>Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organic compounds is primarily involved in the transmission of genetic information?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of an inorganic compound?

    <p>Simple chemical structure without carbon-hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of water in plants?

    <p>Structural support through turgor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a role of minerals in living organisms?

    <p>Critical for structural integrity and nerve transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organic compounds is primarily involved in energy storage in plants?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of water in humans?

    <p>Cools the body during hot conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of minerals in living organisms?

    <p>Acting as enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound?

    <p>Sodium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is crucial for red blood cell production?

    <p>Vitamin B Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to identify the presence of fats and oils?

    <p>Ether or grease-spot tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency disease is characterized by poor vision in low light?

    <p>Night blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin functions as a coenzyme in many metabolic processes and is found in green leafy vegetables?

    <p>Vitamin B Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient intake values are established by nutritionists to prevent deficiency diseases in an otherwise healthy population?

    <p>Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for bone and teeth mineralization, and can be sourced from dairy products and synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is crucial for visual health and immune function, and can be sourced from fish oil, dairy products, and yellow vegetables like carrots?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound can be identified through a blue-black color change when tested with iodine?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipids in living organisms?

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about nucleic acids?

    <p>DNA translates genetic information into proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

    <p>Physical state at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of proteins?

    <p>Proteins are involved in structural support and enzyme catalysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbohydrates in plants?

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total caloric content of a food item containing 10 grams of protein, 5 grams of carbohydrates, and 8 grams of fat?

    <p>158 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is NOT classified as a micro-element for plants?

    <p>Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is crucial for blood health and can be sourced from red meat and spinach?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common negative impact of excessive inorganic fertiliser use?

    <p>Eutrophication of water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For adults aged 19-30, what is the recommended daily intake of fat in grams?

    <p>70g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can overuse of organic fertilizers lead to in agricultural practices?

    <p>Soil depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient serves as the body's main energy source?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What deficiency disease can result from malnutrition and is characterized by protein deficiency?

    <p>Kwashiorkor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient is essential for muscle repair and growth and can be sourced from meats and legumes?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral, crucial for bone health, is necessary for both genders and can be obtained from dairy products and fortified cereals?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the RDA value for Vitamin C for adults aged 19-30 years?

    <p>75 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of micro-elements in the human body?

    <p>Regulation of enzyme function and metabolic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is essential for chlorophyll production in plants?

    <p>Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

    <p>Energy storage and structural functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to identify the presence of proteins in organic compounds?

    <p>Biuret test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for neurotransmitter synthesis and red blood cell production?

    <p>Vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of minerals in living organisms?

    <p>Facilitating oxygen transport and DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is essential for thyroid hormone production in humans?

    <p>Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of macro-elements in the human body?

    <p>Supporting structural integrity and energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is essential for the production of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Iodine (I)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary function of micro-elements in the human body?

    <p>Facilitating enzymatic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of atoms that defines their unique properties?

    <p>The atomic mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about compounds is NOT true?

    <p>All molecules are compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is NOT commonly found in living organisms?

    <p>Silicon (Si)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound?

    <p>Sodium Chloride (NaCl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organic compounds is primarily involved in energy provision through cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which micro-element is essential for chlorophyll production in plants?

    <p>Magnesium (Mg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential deficiency disease associated with a lack of Vitamin A intake?

    <p>Night blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is crucial for supporting iron metabolism and collagen formation in the body?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What deficiency disease can result from inadequate Vitamin D intake in children?

    <p>Rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin functions as an antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress?

    <p>Vitamin E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for a wide range of metabolic processes including carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism?

    <p>Vitamin B Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential deficiency disease associated with Vitamin C?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Vitamin A in the body?

    <p>Supports visual health and immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following deficiency diseases can result from a lack of Vitamin B3?

    <p>Pellagra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Vitamin D in the human body?

    <p>Promotes bone and teeth mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency can lead to a depressed immune system and poor nerve conduction?

    <p>Vitamin E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of conducting Lipid tests using ether or grease-spot tests?

    <p>To identify fats and oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following deficiency diseases can be caused by inadequate Vitamin C intake?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a compound and a molecule?

    <p>The composition of elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT categorized as an essential micro-element for life in the text?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of atoms, what defines an element's unique characteristics?

    <p>The arrangement of electrons around the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is responsible for atoms bonding together to form molecules?

    <p>Covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are compounds categorized into organic and inorganic based on their composition?

    <p>To distinguish between living and non-living matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element plays a crucial role in oxygen transport in the human body?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a molecule as an organic compound?

    <p>The presence of carbon-hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    1.1

    <p>1.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organic compound is primarily responsible for genetic information storage and processing?

    <p>Nucleic Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can iron primarily be sourced from according to the text?

    <p>Soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is NOT essential for thyroid hormone production in humans?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lipids in living organisms?

    <p>Energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organic compound consists of amino acids linked by peptide bonds?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can potassium primarily be sourced from according to the text?

    <p>Soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is NOT a micro-element needed in smaller quantities but essential for various functions?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats based on their physical state?

    <p>Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, unsaturated fats are liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic that distinguishes inorganic compounds from organic compounds?

    <p>Simple chemical structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is water often referred to as the 'universal solvent'?

    <p>Capacity to dissolve more substances than any other liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element in the human body is required in larger quantities and is critical for fluid balance?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does water play in supporting plant and animal structural integrity?

    <p>Turgor pressure maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is carbon dioxide considered an inorganic compound despite containing carbon?

    <p>Lacks hydrogen and is linked to oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is essential for the transportation of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products in living organisms?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant role does water play in maintaining stable internal temperatures in organisms?

    <p>Cooling through sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of water makes it crucial for maintaining structural integrity in animals and plants?

    <p>Provision of turgor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total caloric content of a food item that contains 10 grams of protein, 20 grams of carbohydrates, and 30 grams of fat?

    <p>450 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients has the highest daily RDA value for males aged 19-30 years?

    <p>Fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the potential health outcome if a person consumed less than the RDA value of Vitamin C for an extended period of time?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following food types would provide the highest caloric content per gram due to its macronutrient composition?

    <p>Olive oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person's diet does not include enough iron, which of the following health conditions could they potentially develop?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the RDA value for protein for males aged 19-30 years?

    <p>56 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person's diet does not include enough Vitamin A, which of the following health conditions could they potentially develop?

    <p>Night blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the RDA value for Calcium for both genders aged 19-30 years?

    <p>1000 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

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