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Define stoichiometry and explain why it is such a useful tool for scientists.
Define stoichiometry and explain why it is such a useful tool for scientists.
Stoichiometry is the method used to relate the quantities of substances in chemical equations. It is useful because with the quantities of just one substance in the equation, we can learn something about the quantities of all other substances in that equation.
What is a limiting reactant and why is it important?
What is a limiting reactant and why is it important?
A limiting reactant is a reactant that limits the amount of a product that can be formed in the chemical equation. It is important because it determines the amount of products produced.
What are excess reactants?
What are excess reactants?
Excess reactants are the reactants in a chemical reaction that remain when a reaction stops when the limiting reactant is completely consumed.
What are stoichiometric coefficients?
What are stoichiometric coefficients?
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What do stoichiometric coefficients do?
What do stoichiometric coefficients do?
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What is Gay-Lussac's Law and how is it used?
What is Gay-Lussac's Law and how is it used?
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What is a molecular formula?
What is a molecular formula?
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What is an empirical formula?
What is an empirical formula?
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What is molar mass?
What is molar mass?
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If a stoichiometry problem gives you the quantity of a substance in grams, what is the first thing you must do to solve the problem? Why?
If a stoichiometry problem gives you the quantity of a substance in grams, what is the first thing you must do to solve the problem? Why?
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What is the difference between molecular formulas and empirical formulas?
What is the difference between molecular formulas and empirical formulas?
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Study Notes
Stoichiometry
- Stoichiometry relates quantities of substances in chemical equations.
- Allows determination of all substance quantities from one known quantity.
Limiting Reactant
- A limiting reactant is the substance that limits product formation.
- Crucial for calculating the maximum products obtainable from a reaction.
Excess Reactants
- Excess reactants are substances remaining after the limiting reactant is consumed.
- They do not affect the amount of product formed once the reaction stops.
Stoichiometric Coefficients
- Stoichiometric coefficients are numbers indicating the ratio of substances in a chemical equation.
- Key for converting moles of one substance to moles of another.
Gay-Lussac's Law
- Relates the volumes of gases in a chemical reaction using stoichiometric coefficients.
- Useful for understanding the relationships when quantities are expressed in volume.
Molecular Formula
- A molecular formula shows the exact number of each type of atom in a molecule.
- Provides complete information about the composition of a substance.
Empirical Formula
- An empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a molecule.
- Does not give specific atom counts but rather a ratio.
Molar Mass
- Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a compound.
- Acts as a conversion rate from grams to the number of molecules.
Initial Steps in Stoichiometry Problems
- First step is to convert grams to moles for stoichiometry problems.
- This is necessary as the balanced equation’s ratios are based on moles.
Comparison of Molecular and Empirical Formulas
- Molecular formulas give exact counts of atoms in a molecule, while empirical formulas provide simple ratios.
- Important distinction for determining molecular structure versus composition.
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Description
Prepare for your Chemistry Module 8 exam with these flashcards. This review covers key concepts such as stoichiometry and limiting reactants, highlighting their importance in chemical equations and reactions. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of these foundational topics.
