Chemistry Lesson 2: Classification of Matter

Lesson 2: Classification of Matter

• Objectives:
  • Compare and contrast pure substances and mixtures
  • Differentiate between elements and compounds
• Success Criteria:
  • All students will differentiate between pure substances and mixtures
  • Most students will differentiate between elements and compounds
  • Some students will analyze changes in subatomic particles (e.g., adding or losing electrons)
• Engage: Watch a video
  • https://youtu.be/m7nOzfZEem8 (Video to compare pure substances and mixtures)

Classification of Matter

• Substance: Matter that has a consistent composition. It has a fixed combination of atoms.
  • Definiton: Matter with a composition that is always the same
  • Examples: Elements and compounds
• Element: A substance made of only one type of atom.
  • Examples: Aluminum, Oxygen, Chlorine, Carbon
• Compounds: A substance containing two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together.
  • Examples: Water (H₂O), Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Methane (CH₄)
• Types of Substances:
  • Elements:
    • Consist of only one type of atom.
    • Examples in the presentation: Aluminum (Al), Oxygen (O), Chlorine (Cl), and Carbon (C) shown as images (along with other chemical symbols)
• Elements on the Periodic Table:
  • Most elements are considered metals. These are on the left side of the periodic table like Aluminium.
  • Metalloids act as intermediate on the periodic table between metals and nonmetals like Boron.
  • Nonmetals are on the right side like Oxygen.
• Atoms of Elements:
  • Atoms are the fundamental building blocks.
  • Each element has a unique number of protons, which is reflected in its position on the periodic table.
  • For example, aluminum has 13 protons while oxygen has 8.
  • Atoms of the same element can exist in different forms (individually or in pairs), as seen in the examples of Aluminum(individually) and Oxygen(in pairs).

Explore: Element

• Definition: A substance that consists of just one type of atom, such as Aluminum, Oxygen, Chlorine, or Carbon.

Explain: Element

• Figure 3: Periodic table showing elements, with examples of Aluminum and Oxygen (and their protons and atomic mass).
  • Elements contain one type of atom.
  • Most elements are metals.
  • Metals like aluminum are on the left side of the periodic table.
  • Metalloids are between metals and nonmetals.
  • Nonmetals are on the right side.
• Figure 4: (Images of the arrangement of atoms)
  • Some elements are made of more than one atom (e.g., Hydrogen H₂).
  • Elements consist of one type of atom (e.g., Helium He)
  • Compounds consist of two or more different types of atoms bonded together (e.g., Carbon Dioxide CO₂).

Elaborate: Task

• Differentiate elements from compounds:
  • Elements: Consist of one type of atom
  • Compounds: Consist of two or more types of atoms chemically combined

Evaluate: Activity Game

• An activity game is provided to help students evaluate and identify elements and compounds.
  • https://wordwall.net/resource/23669223/atoms-elements-and-compounds-match-up for a matching activity.

Explore the concepts of pure substances and mixtures in this engaging quiz. Differentiate between elements and compounds while understanding their unique properties. Additionally, analyze the changes in subatomic particles for a comprehensive understanding of matter.