Chemistry: Lanthanoids Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

Which lanthanoid metal is described as steel hard?

  • Dysprosium
  • Samarium (correct)
  • Europium
  • Lutetium

Why do many trivalent lanthanoid ions exhibit coloration?

  • Due to their high reactivity in air
  • Due to having narrow absorption bands
  • Attributed to the presence of f electrons (correct)
  • Because they are good conductors of heat

Which lanthanoid ions are paramagnetic?

  • Sm3+ and Tm3+
  • Eu3+ and Gd3+
  • La3+ and Ce4+
  • Yb2+ and Lu3+ (correct)

What is the approximate first ionization enthalpy of the lanthanoids?

<p>600 kJ mol–1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lanthanoid metal has a melting point significantly higher than others?

<p>Samarium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What imparts a certain degree of stability to empty, half-filled, and completely filled f orbitals?

<p>Exchange enthalpy considerations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the trend in reactivity of actinoids as the atomic number increases?

<p>Actinoids become less reactive as the atomic number increases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the actinoid contraction across the series?

<p>Strong shielding by 5f electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it considered unsatisfactory to review the chemistry of actinoids solely based on oxidation states?

<p>The actinoids have unpredictable oxidation states that vary greatly among elements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the actinoid metals compare to lanthanoid metals in terms of appearance?

<p>Actinoid metals are all silvery like lanthanoid metals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the structural variability of actinoid metals?

<p>Irregularities in metallic radii (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do actinoids resemble lanthanoids in having more compounds in +3 state than +4 state?

<p>+3 and +4 ions tend to hydrolyze which limits the formation of compounds with these oxidation states. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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