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Chemistry: Lanthanoids Characteristics

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Questions and Answers

Which lanthanoid metal is described as steel hard?

Dysprosium

Samarium (correct)

Europium

Lutetium

Why do many trivalent lanthanoid ions exhibit coloration?

Due to their high reactivity in air

Due to having narrow absorption bands

Attributed to the presence of f electrons (correct)

Because they are good conductors of heat

Which lanthanoid ions are paramagnetic?

Sm3+ and Tm3+

Eu3+ and Gd3+

La3+ and Ce4+

Yb2+ and Lu3+ (correct)

What is the approximate first ionization enthalpy of the lanthanoids?

600 kJ mol–1 Signup and view all the answers

Which lanthanoid metal has a melting point significantly higher than others?

Samarium Signup and view all the answers

What imparts a certain degree of stability to empty, half-filled, and completely filled f orbitals?

Exchange enthalpy considerations Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the trend in reactivity of actinoids as the atomic number increases?

Actinoids become less reactive as the atomic number increases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the actinoid contraction across the series?

Strong shielding by 5f electrons Signup and view all the answers

Why is it considered unsatisfactory to review the chemistry of actinoids solely based on oxidation states?

The actinoids have unpredictable oxidation states that vary greatly among elements. Signup and view all the answers

How do the actinoid metals compare to lanthanoid metals in terms of appearance?

Actinoid metals are all silvery like lanthanoid metals. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the structural variability of actinoid metals?

Irregularities in metallic radii Signup and view all the answers

Why do actinoids resemble lanthanoids in having more compounds in +3 state than +4 state?

+3 and +4 ions tend to hydrolyze which limits the formation of compounds with these oxidation states. Signup and view all the answers