Chemistry Intermolecular Forces Quiz

Dipole-dipole forces occur between the partially positive end of one polar molecule and the partially ______ end of another.

CO exhibits dipole-dipole forces, which are stronger than ______ forces.

All molecules develop temporary instantaneous ______ as they are in constant motion.

Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to one of the most electronegative elements: F, O, or ______.

N₂ is ______, so it does not exhibit dipole-dipole forces.

Intermolecular Forces

Dipole-Dipole Forces: Electrostatic force between the partially positive end of one polar molecule and the partially negative end of another. Examples include N₂ and CO.
N₂ is nonpolar, therefore it does not exhibit dipole-dipole forces. Instead, it experiences dispersion forces.
CO is polar, exhibiting dipole-dipole forces and stronger dispersion forces than N₂. Thus, CO has a higher boiling point (BP) than N₂.

Dispersion Forces

Present in all condensed phases.
Constant motion of electrons creates temporary instantaneous dipoles.
These dipoles distort the electrons of neighbouring atoms, creating induced dipoles.
The fluctuating temporary dipoles result in weak electrostatic attractions (dipole-dipole).
Stronger with larger molecules/atoms due to more electrons and greater electron cloud polarizability.

Hydrogen Bonding

Strong dipole-dipole bond.
Occurs when a molecule contains a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative element (F, O, N).
The hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge, and the electronegative atom has a partial negative charge, allowing for strong electrostatic attraction.

Test your knowledge on intermolecular forces including dipole-dipole interactions, dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonding. Understand how these forces affect molecular behavior and boiling points. This quiz covers essential concepts in chemistry related to intermolecular interactions.