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# Intermolecular Forces **Dipole-Dipole:** An electrostatic force between the partially positive end of one polar molecule and the partially negative end of another. Example: N₂ and CO. Which has a higher boiling point? * N₂ is nonpolar, so it does not exhibit dipole-dipole forces, but rather di...

# Intermolecular Forces **Dipole-Dipole:** An electrostatic force between the partially positive end of one polar molecule and the partially negative end of another. Example: N₂ and CO. Which has a higher boiling point? * N₂ is nonpolar, so it does not exhibit dipole-dipole forces, but rather dispersion forces. * CO is polar and exhibits dipole-dipole forces (which are stronger than dispersion forces). Therefore, CO has a higher boiling point than N₂. **Disperson Forces:** * Present in all condensed phases. * Molecules in constant motion develop temporary instantaneous dipoles. * This instantaneous dipole distorts the electrons of neighboring atoms, creating induced dipoles. * The fluctuating temporary dipoles result in weak electrostatic attractions (dipole-induced dipole). **Hydrogen Bonding:** A strong dipole-dipole bond that may occur when a molecule contains a hydrogen atom bonded to one of the most electronegative elements (F, O, N).