Questions and Answers
What is the shape of Carbon atom #1?
What is the bond angle of Carbon atom #2?
109.5 degrees
What is the hybridization of Carbon atom #3?
sp
Explain why SF4 has a higher boiling point than CF4.
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What is the molecular geometry of NH3?
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What type of intermolecular force is present in SO3?
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What is the shape of HCN?
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What is the molecular shape of BrF3?
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Study Notes
Carbon Atoms and Their Geometry
- Carbon atom with a carbonyl group (C=O) is trigonal planar with bond angles of 120 degrees and uses sp² hybridization.
- Carbon atom forming bonds with two hydrogens (H-C-H) exhibits tetrahedral geometry, bond angles of 109.5 degrees, and utilizes sp³ hybridization.
- Carbon atom involved in a double bond (C=C) is linear with a bond angle of 180 degrees, utilizing sp hybridization.
Differences in Boiling Points of CF4 and SF4
- Carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) has a boiling point of 145 K, while sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4) has a boiling point of 239 K.
- SF4 has a seesaw molecular shape due to the presence of a lone pair on the sulfur atom, leading to a polar molecule.
- CF4 is tetrahedral and nonpolar; its charge is symmetrically distributed with no lone pairs on the central atom.
- The polar nature of SF4 results in stronger dipole-dipole interactions, whereas CF4 only has London dispersion forces, leading to SF4's higher boiling point.
Molecular Geometries and Intermolecular Forces
- Ammonia (NH3) has a trigonal pyramidal structure with sp³ hybridization and exhibits hydrogen bonding.
- Sulfur trioxide (SO3) is trigonal planar, uses sp² hybridization, and experiences London dispersion forces.
- Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is linear with sp hybridization, characterized by dipole-dipole interactions.
- Bromine trifluoride (BrF3) has a T-shaped geometry and also exhibits dipole-dipole interactions due to its polarity.
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Description
This quiz features flashcards focused on the properties and molecular geometry of carbon atoms and their compounds. Explore the trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and linear shapes of carbon, as well as boiling point comparisons of carbon and sulfur compounds.
