Questions and Answers
What is the definition of dissociation?
What defines ionic compounds?
Crystal structure made up of charged particles
What happens to the subscript in the formula of dissociation?
Subscript becomes coefficient
Dissociation is defined as the separation of existing ______.
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Ionization is the production of new ______ from neutral molecular compounds.
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What is the hydronium ion?
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All dissolved compounds of strong electrolytes exist as ions.
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Weak electrolytes have all their dissolved molecules ionized.
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What is a nonelectrolyte?
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What occurs in precipitate reactions?
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Precipitation occurs because the attraction between the ions is greater than that between the ions and ______.
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Which salts are soluble in water according to solubility rules?
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What is a complete ionic equation?
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What are spectator ions?
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What is the net ionic equation?
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Study Notes
Dissociation
- Refers to the separation of ions during the dissolution process. This occurs when ionic compounds dissolve in solvents, leading to free-moving ions.
Ionic Compounds
- Composed of charged particles held together by ionic attraction, forming a crystal structure.
Formula of Dissociation
- Involves turning subscripts into coefficients and separating ions into individual charges, with the new coefficient representing the number of moles.
Ionization vs. Dissociation
- Dissociation involves the separation of existing ions, while ionization refers to the formation of new ions from neutral molecular compounds, particularly hydrogen ions.
The Hydronium Ion
- Formed when the H⁺ ion interacts powerfully with other ions, typically not existing alone but rather bonding with additional hydrogen ions.
Electrolytes
- Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in solution, existing entirely as ions. Weak electrolytes only partially ionize and contain both ionized and non-ionized molecules.
Nonelectrolyte
- Characterized by the complete absence of ions, indicating that it does not conduct electricity in solution.
Precipitate Reactions
- Occur when aqueous solutions of ionic compounds are mixed, resulting in the formation of a solid (precipitate).
Reason for Precipitation
- Precipitation occurs when the ionic attraction between dissolved ions surpasses the attraction between the ions and surrounding water, typically resulting in a solid if at least one compound is insoluble.
Solubility Rules
- Sodium (Na), potassium (K), ammonium (NH₄), and nitrate (NO₃) salts are universally soluble in water, guiding predictions for solubility in reactions.
Writing Formulas
- Involves double replacement reactions to identify which product forms a solid precipitate.
Complete Ionic Equation
- A comprehensive representation of the double replacement reaction, with all reactants and products displayed with their respective charges.
Spectator Ions
- Ions that remain unchanged and do not participate in the chemical reaction, simply existing in solution.
Net Ionic Equation
- The simplified version of the complete ionic equation, excluding spectator ions, showcasing only the ions that undergo chemical change during the reaction.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key concepts of dissociation in chemistry. This quiz covers important terms such as ionic compounds, the formula for dissociation, and distinguishes between ionization and dissociation. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of how substances separate into ions.
