Chemistry Solutions and Dissociation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following represents a balanced dissociation equation?

  • CaCl2(s) → Ca2+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
  • MgCl2(s) → Mg+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
  • NaCl(s) → Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) (correct)
  • K2SO4(s) → K2+(aq) + SO42-(aq)

    • A substance is tested with litmus paper and causes it to turn blue. Which of the following is most likely true about such substance?

  • It has a pH less than 7 and contains H+ ions.
  • It is a non-electrolyte and does not contain ions.
  • It has a pH of 7 and contains neither H+ or OH- ions.
  • It has a pH greater than 7 and contains OH- ions. (correct)

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of a solution?

  • The substances are visible to the naked eye.
  • The different substances can be mechanically separated.
  • It is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. (correct)
  • It is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

    • What is the role of the solvent in a solution?

    <p>It is the substance that the solute is dissolved into. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes what happens when a soluble ionic compound dissolves in water?

    <p>The ions of the compound separate from the crystal lattice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be classified as an electrolyte when dissolved in water?

    <p>A strong acid such as HCl. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding solubility?

    <p>'Like dissolves like', meaning polar substances dissolve polar substances and non-polar substances dissolve non-polar substances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'dissociation' refer to in the context of solutions?

    <p>The separation of ions when an ionic compound dissolves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these compounds will dissociate into ions when dissolved in water?

    <p>CuCl2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct dissociation equation for ammonium carbonate?

    <p>(NH4)2CO3 (s) → 2NH4+ (aq) + CO32- (aq) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A substance does not dissociate into ions but remains as compound particles in solution. What type of substance is it most likely to be?

    <p>A soluble molecular compound with hydrogen bonding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of slightly soluble ionic compounds in aqueous solution?

    <p>They remain as a solid and do not dissociate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when a neutral molecule is converted into ions?

    <p>Ionization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major difference between a strong acid and a weak acid in an aqueous solution?

    <p>Strong acids fully ionize, while weak acids do not completely ionize. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an insoluble molecular compound?

    <p>CH4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines whether a compound will dissociate in water?

    <p>Whether the compound is ionic or molecular and its solubility/polarity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a solution?

    <p>A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances that cannot be mechanically separated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Arrhenius definition, what occurs when a substance dissolves in a solution?

    <p>The substance disperses as individual particles in the solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a solute in a solution?

    <p>It is the substance that is dissolved. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, what is the characteristic of an electrolyte in an aqueous solution?

    <p>It conducts electricity due to it being an ionic compound, or an acid/base. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A substance is tested with litmus paper and it turns the paper red. What can be inferred about this substance?

    <p>It is an acid with a pH less than 7. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a non-electrolyte in an aqueous solution?

    <p>It does not conduct electricity when dissolved in water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering the rules for solubility, what would you expect for a molecular substance which is 'like' its solvent?

    <p>It will be highly soluble. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided on pH, what is the expected pH value for a neutral substance?

    <p>pH value of exactly 7. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the behavior of a slightly soluble ionic compound in water?

    <p>It remains as a solid and does not dissociate into ions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, will result in the formation of three nitrate ions?

    <p>Iron(III) nitrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A solution is found to be non-conductive and has a neutral pH, what most likely are the major entities present?

    <p>Neutral molecules that remain as compound particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical process is responsible for the formation of ions from some molecular compounds when they dissolve in water and become electrolytes?

    <p>Ionization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A compound is known to be a weak acid. When added to water, what is the expected behavior?

    <p>It will dissolve but only partially ionize. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the major entities present when a soluble molecular compound like sucrose ($C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}$) dissolves in water?

    <p>Compound particles of $C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}$ with no ions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Barium hydroxide, $Ba(OH)_2$, is a base. According to the provided text, what happens when solid $Ba(OH)_2$ is added to water?

    <p>It might dissociate depending on its solubility. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the provided information, which of the following is a true statement about acids?

    <p>Acids are molecular compounds that must form ions to be an electrolyte. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly represents the dissociation of iron (III) nitrate in water?

    <p>Fe(NO3)3 (s) → Fe3+(aq) + 3NO3-(aq) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A substance is found to be non-conducting in aqueous solution and has a neutral pH. It is MOST likely a(n):

    <p>Insoluble Molecular Compound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct regarding soluble molecular compounds with hydrogen bonding when placed in water?

    <p>They remain as compound particles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, dissociates in water, what ions are formed?

    <p>Ba2+(aq) and 2OH-(aq) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process by which acids form ions in an aqueous solution?

    <p>Ionization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the behavior of slightly soluble ionic compounds in an aqueous solution?

    <p>They remain as a solid ionic compound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a compound is described as having 'no ions' in aqueous solution, which of the following properties is MOST likely associated?

    <p>Low conductivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the general dissociation equation: (XY)(s) → X+(aq) + Y-(aq), which of the following represents the most accurate statement about acids?

    <p>Acids are molecular compounds that ionize in solution to form ions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a homogeneous mixture from other types of mixtures?

    <p>Its components are uniformly distributed and cannot be mechanically separated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the behavior of a slightly soluble, molecular compound when it is mixed into a solvent?

    <p>It will mix with the solvent but not completely dissolve, likely due to polarity differences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is conductivity related to the behavior of a substance in an aqueous solution?

    <p>Electrolytes conduct electricity because they dissociate into separate ions or have free moving charged particles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided information, what is the effect of an acid on litmus paper?

    <p>It turns the litmus paper red. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ions of a very soluble ionic compound when it dissolves in water, according to the Arrhenius theory?

    <p>They separate from the crystal lattice and exist as individual ions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a compound's ability to conduct electricity and how it behaves in a solution?

    <p>Ionic compounds exhibit electrical conductivity in aqueous solutions due to the presence of free ions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a general characteristic of substances that don't create electrolytes when dissolved in water?

    <p>They are composed of neutral, molecular compounds that stay as whole molecules in solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the relationship between pH and litmus paper, what result would most likely correspond to a neutral substance?

    <p>There is no change in the litmus paper's color. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A substance is described as a non-electrolyte with a neutral pH. What is the most likely state of the substance before it was dissolved?

    <p>Solid molecular compound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances, when dissolved in water, would be expected to both turn litmus paper red and conduct electricity?

    <p>A strong acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A solution contains both potassium ($K^+$) and sulfate ($SO_4^{2-}$) ions. Based on this information, which of the following characteristics is MOST likely?

    <p>It is an electrolyte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criterion used to differentiate a solution from a heterogeneous mixture?

    <p>The ability to separate the components mechanically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a compound does NOT dissociate in water but still dissolves, which of the following is a likely outcome?

    <p>The solution is a non-electrolyte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the following dissociation equation: $Mg(OH)_2 (s) \rightarrow Mg^{2+}(aq) + 2OH^-(aq)$, Which substance is the base in this reaction?

    <p>$Mg(OH)_2$ (s) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You encounter a substance that is 'slightly soluble' and a non-electrolyte, when dissolved which of the following statements would best describe its behavior?

    <p>It dissolves very slightly by breaking apart to form neutral molecules in the solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A solution containing $H^+$ ions is found to turn litmus paper red and conduct electricity. What is this solution most likely?

    <p>An acidic electrolyte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical property of a dissolved substance would typically be most responsible for it being described as an electrolyte?

    <p>The presence of dissociated ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A substance dissolves in water but does not result in any change to litmus paper and the solution does not conduct electricity. What is the most likely nature of this dissolved substance?

    <p>A soluble molecular compound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction in behavior between soluble and slightly soluble ionic compounds when they are introduced into an aqueous solution?

    <p>Soluble compounds dissociate into ions, while slightly soluble compounds largely remain as undissociated solids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering the behavior of acids in aqueous solutions, what is the most accurate description of the process of ionization?

    <p>The conversion of neutral acid molecules into positively charged hydrogen ions and negatively charged anions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A solution is found to have no conductivity, and a neutral pH, and the major entities present are compound particles with no ions. Which of the following molecular descriptions is MOST likely to apply?

    <p>A solution of a non-polar compound like methane, $CH_4$. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the provided information, which of these options best describes what happens to solid $Ba(OH)_2$ when it is added to water?

    <p>It dissociates into $Ba^{2+}$ and $OH^-$ ions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes what must happen for a substance to be classified as an electrolyte when in an aqueous solution?

    <p>It must dissociate into separate positive and negative ions to allow conductivity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the following options, what are the most accurate representations of the major entities present when solid sucrose ($C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}$) dissolves in water?

    <p>Undissociated sucrose molecules dispersed throughout the water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the distinction between strong and weak acids, what is the most accurate difference noted when they are separately dissolved in water?

    <p>Strong acids completely ionize, while weak acids only partially ionize. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental property that allows soluble molecular compounds that have hydrogen bonds to dissolve in water?

    <p>The compound's tendency to remain as compound particles, but to interact with the water via hydrogen bonds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the behavior of a non-polar molecular substance when it is introduced into a polar solvent, such as water?

    <p>It will remain as compound particles and remain evenly distributed throughout the solvent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options MOST accurately describes the relationship between conductivity and the behaviour of a substance in an aqueous solution?

    <p>Conductivity is only possible when there is a presence of freely moving positive and negative ions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Solution

    A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances where the different substances cannot be mechanically separated or seen. It has two parts: solute (what is dissolved) and solvent (what the solute is dissolved into).

    Solubility

    The ability of a substance to dissolve in a particular solvent. Ionic compounds (aq) are often soluble and molecular compounds can be soluble depending on their polarity.

    Electrolyte

    A substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water. This is due to the presence of ions that can carry an electrical charge.

    Non-electrolyte

    A substance that does not conduct electricity when dissolved in water. This is because it does not form ions in solution.

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    Acid

    A solution that turns litmus paper red, has a pH less than 7, and contains a higher concentration of hydrogen ions (H+).

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    Base

    A solution that turns litmus paper blue, has a pH greater than 7, and contains a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-).

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    Neutral

    A solution that does not change the color of litmus paper and has a pH of 7.

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    Dissociation

    The process where ionic compounds break apart into their individual ions when dissolved in water. It's represented by a dissociation equation.

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    What are soluble ionic compounds?

    Ionic compounds that dissociate in water and form electrolytes.

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    What is dissociation?

    A process where soluble ionic compounds break apart into individual ions when dissolved in water.

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    What are soluble molecular compounds?

    They dissolve in water but remain as neutral molecules, not forming ions, and therefore do not conduct electricity.

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    What are insoluble molecular compounds?

    Insoluble molecular compounds do not dissolve in water, remain as neutral molecules and don't form ions. They also don't conduct electricity.

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    What are acids?

    They dissolve in water and form ions. They can be strong or weak, depending on how fully they ionize.

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    What are strong acids?

    Acids that completely ionize in water, forming a high concentration of H+ ions, making them very acidic.

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    What are weak acids?

    Acids that only partially ionize in water, forming a lower concentration of H+ ions, making them less acidic.

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    What is ionization?

    This is the process of a neutral atom becoming an ion by gaining or losing electrons. In the context of acids, it's the formation of H+ ions.

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    What is a solution?

    A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances where the different substances cannot be mechanically separated or seen. It has two parts: solute (what is dissolved) and solvent (what the solute is dissolved into).

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    What is solubility?

    The ability of a substance to dissolve in a particular solvent. Ionic compounds (aq) are often soluble and molecular compounds can be soluble depending on their polarity.

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    What makes a substance an electrolyte?

    A substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water. This is due to the presence of ions that can carry an electrical charge.

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    What makes a substance a non-electrolyte?

    A substance that does not conduct electricity when dissolved in water. This is because it does not form ions in solution.

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    What are bases?

    Solutions that turn litmus blue, have a pH greater than 7, and contain a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-).

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    What is a neutral solution?

    Solutions that do not change the color of litmus paper and have a pH of 7.

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    What are slightly soluble ionic compounds?

    Ionic compounds that do not dissociate in water. They remain as solids and do not conduct electricity.

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    Soluble ionic compounds

    Ionic compounds that completely break apart into individual ions when dissolved in water, forming electrolytes. They conduct electricity due to the free movement of ions.

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    Soluble molecular compounds

    Polar molecules (like sugar) that dissolve in water but remain as neutral molecules, not forming ions. They don't conduct electricity since they don't have charged particles.

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    Insoluble molecular compounds

    Non-polar molecules (like oil) that do not dissolve in water and stay as neutral molecules. They don't form ions and don't conduct electricity.

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    Slightly soluble ionic compounds

    Ionic compounds that dissolve in water but don't dissociate completely. They remain mostly as solid particles and don't conduct electricity well.

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    Strong bases

    Ionic compounds that are very soluble in water. These compounds fully dissociate into ions when dissolved, and their dissociation is responsible for their basic properties.

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    Ionization

    The process of a neutral atom gaining or losing electrons to become an ion. In acids, this involves the formation of hydrogen ions (H+).

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    Strong acids

    Acids that completely ionize in water, forming a high concentration of H+ ions. This makes them very acidic and strong electrolytes.

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    Weak acids

    Acids that only partially ionize in water, forming a lower concentration of H+ ions. They are weaker electrolytes and less acidic than strong acids.

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