Chemistry Compounds and Nomenclature Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the empirical formula of ascorbic acid based on its mass percentage composition (40.9% C, 4.57% H, 54.5% O)?

C3H4O3

What differentiates the molecular formula from the empirical formula for compounds like Vitamin C?

The molecular formula indicates the actual number of atoms of each element, while the empirical formula shows the simplest ratio.

Identify the deceptive nature of Nathan Zohner's dihydrogen monoxide petition and its effects on public perception.

The petition misled people into fearing dihydrogen monoxide by citing its hazardous properties without context.

Explain the role of empirical formulas in determining the composition of a compound.

Empirical formulas provide the ratio of elements within a compound, important for understanding its basic composition. Signup and view all the answers

How did Nathan Zohner's experiment illustrate the concept of 'chemical phobias'?

The experiment revealed how misinformation about chemicals leads to fear and misguided actions against harmless substances. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the individuals approached by Zohner supported the ban on dihydrogen monoxide?

86% Signup and view all the answers

Describe the relationship between common names and the chemical composition of inorganic compounds.

Common names often provide little insight into the actual composition of inorganic compounds, leading to misunderstandings. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to recognize chemicals by their names, especially in the context of public safety?

Recognizing chemicals by their names helps in understanding their properties and potential hazards, thus improving public safety. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct systematic name for the ion represented by Na+?

sodium ion Signup and view all the answers

How would you denote a copper ion with a +1 charge using the Stock nomenclature?

copper(I) ion Signup and view all the answers

What is the old name for the ion represented by Hg2+?

mercuric Signup and view all the answers

Identify the characteristic charge number of zinc (Zn) ions.

+2 Signup and view all the answers

Using the old nomenclature, what would the systematic name be for Fe2+?

ferrous Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a positively charged ion?

cation Signup and view all the answers

Which cation represents the element lead with a charge of +3?

lead(III) Signup and view all the answers

What systematic name corresponds to the ion represented by Co3+?

cobalt(III) Signup and view all the answers

What charge do Group II elements typically form when they become cations?

+2 Signup and view all the answers

Name the ion Co2+ using the new nomenclature format.

cobalt(II) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for lithium carbonate?

Li2CO3 Signup and view all the answers

Which group do Li+ ions belong to in the periodic table?

Group I Signup and view all the answers

How is the charge of a monoatomic anion determined based on its group number?

Maximum charge = group number - 8. Signup and view all the answers

What suffix is added to the stem of an element name to form a monoatomic anion?

-ide Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics are associated with nonmetallic elements in terms of gaining electrons?

Nonmetals have the ability to gain electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the suffix '-ate' in naming oxanions?

'-ate' indicates the presence of an element bonded with oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of a monoatomic anion and its corresponding charge.

Chloride, Cl–. Signup and view all the answers

Which groups contain transition metals according to the provided information?

Transition metals are found in Group II and parts of Group III. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between oxanions with the '-ite' suffix and their '-ate' counterparts?

'-ite' indicates one less oxygen than '-ate'. Signup and view all the answers

State the charge and name of the anion formed from phosphorus.

Phosphide, P3–. Signup and view all the answers

Translate the oxoacid H2SO3 into its common name and identify its corresponding oxanion.

sulfurous acid; sulfite (SO3^2-) Signup and view all the answers

Provide the systematic name for the compound with the formula CaCl2 and explain the reasoning behind not using prefixes.

calcium chloride; prefixes are omitted because the charge of the calcium cation indicates the number of chloride anions needed. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the oxoacid formed from the chlorate ion and state the process for naming it.

HClO3 (chloric acid); '-ate' in the anion is replaced with '-ic acid' in the oxoacid name. Signup and view all the answers

What would be the name of MnO2 according to the systematic nomenclature and why?

manganese(IV) oxide; the oxidation state of manganese is determined by the number of oxide ions. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the naming difference between HBr and the anion formed from it, Cl-.

HBr is named hydrochloric acid; its corresponding anion is called chloride. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the phosphate ion, and what is its charge?

The formula for the phosphate ion is PO4^3–. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the ion represented by the formula NO2–.

The ion represented by the formula NO2– is nitrite. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between hydrogenphosphate and dihydrogenphosphate in terms of their formulas?

Hydrogenphosphate has the formula HPO4^2–, while dihydrogenphosphate has the formula H2PO4–. Signup and view all the answers

Write the chemical formula for sulfate and state its charge.

The chemical formula for sulfate is SO4^2–. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nomenclature for the acid when the chloride ion is in aqueous form?

The nomenclature for the acid is hydrochloric acid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for hydrogensulfate and how does it relate to sulfate?

The formula for hydrogensulfate is HSO4–, which is derived from sulfate by adding a hydrogen ion. Signup and view all the answers

Define the chemical formula for bicarbonate and its significance in biological systems.

The chemical formula for bicarbonate is HCO3–, and it plays a crucial role in pH regulation in biological systems. Signup and view all the answers

State the chemical formula and charge of the chlorate ion.

The chemical formula for chlorate is ClO3–. Signup and view all the answers

What are the oxidation states of sulfur in sulfate (SO4^2–) and sulfite (SO3^2–)?

In sulfate, sulfur has an oxidation state of +6, whereas in sulfite, it has an oxidation state of +4. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Compounds

A substance consisting of atoms of two or more elements in a definite ratio.
Empirical formula: Shows the relative numbers of atoms of each element present in a compound.
- The lowest common multiple (LCM) is utilized in the representation.
Molecular formula: Shows the actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule.

Chemical Nomenclature

Cations: Positively charged ions formed by the loss of electrons from a neutral atom.
Anions: Negatively charged ions formed by the gain of electrons from a neutral atom.
Naming Cations:
- For metallic elements, add "ion" to the name of the element.
- Some elements consistently form cations with a specific charge number.
- Stock numbers are employed to distinguish between ions of the same element with differing charges.
Naming Anions:
- For monoatomic anions, add "-ide" to the element's stem.
Oxanions:
- Anions contain oxygen.
- Their names are formed by adding "-ate" to the stem of the element other than oxygen.
- Using "-ite" indicates one less oxygen compared to its "-ate" counterpart.

Acid Nomenclature

Hydrogen Halides: The name is "hydrogen" followed by the halide name with "-ide" ending.
Oxoacids: Replace "-ate" with "-ic acid" or "-ite" with "-ous acid".

Naming Ionic Compounds

Format: (cation)(anion), omitting the word "ion".
Prefixes are not used: The number of anions is determined from the cation's charge.

Examples of Multi-Vitamin Preparations

Calcium, Potassium, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Copper, Chromium, Molybdenum, Iodine and Selenium are included in a multi-vitamin preparation.

Examples of Infant Formula

Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Iodine, and Selenium are included in an infant formula.

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Description

Test your knowledge on compounds, cations, and anions with this quiz. Understand the differences between empirical and molecular formulas and learn how to properly name various chemical species. Challenge yourself with questions that cover the fundamentals of chemical nomenclature.