Chemistry Chapter on Measurements and Properties
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Questions and Answers

What happens when hot and cold objects touch?

Heat transfers from the hotter object to the colder object until they reach thermal equilibrium.

Measurements consist of a ______ and a ______.

number, unit

The final digit of a measurement is?

estimated

What metal does hemoglobin contain?

<p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus of an atom is made up of ______ and ______. It has a ______ charge.

<p>protons, neutrons, positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elements are identified by their?

<p>atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ionic compounds are also known as?

<p>salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ionic bond?

<p>An electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cations ______ electrons and have a ______ charge.

<p>lose, positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a covalent bond?

<p>The sharing of electrons between two atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metals ______ electrons and nonmetals ______ electrons.

<p>lose, gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of elements form cations?

<p>metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ionic compounds start with?

<p>a metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Covalent compounds start with?

<p>a nonmetal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'tetra' mean?

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

With regards to electrons, one bond shares ? electrons, two bonds share ? electrons, and three bonds share ? electrons.

<p>2, 4, 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

People with diabetes have trouble controlling what?

<p>Blood sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

1 mole = ______ representative particles.

<p>$6.022 x 10^{23}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a redox reaction?

<p>A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the only strong acid produced in the body?

<p>Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Measurements

Measurements consist of a number and a unit.

Final digit of a measurement

The final digit of a measurement is estimated.

Significant Figures (SF)

Significant figures are the digits that carry meaning contributing to precision.

Nucleus composition

The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons.

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Atomic number

Elements are identified by their atomic number (total protons).

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Cation

Cations lose electrons and have a positive charge.

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Anion

Anions gain electrons and have a negative charge.

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Ionic bond

An ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons.

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Covalent bond

A covalent bond involves sharing of electrons between atoms.

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Lewis structure

Lewis structures show how electrons are arranged in a molecule.

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Mole

1 mole = 6.022 x 10²³ representative particles.

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Molar mass

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance.

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Intermolecular force (IMF)

IMF refers to forces that hold molecules together.

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Balanced chemical equation

A balanced equation has equal numbers of each type of atom on both sides.

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Reaction types

Types of reactions include combination, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement.

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Redox reaction

Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons and changes in oxidation states.

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Strong acid in body

The only strong acid produced in the body is hydrochloric acid (HCl).

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Half-life

Half-life is the time required for half of a radioactive substance to decay.

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Electrons in bonds

One bond shares 2 electrons; two bonds share 4 electrons; three bonds share 6 electrons.

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Valence electrons

Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom and determine chemical properties.

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Metric unit conversion

Conversions between metric units involve multiplying or dividing by powers of ten.

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Naming compounds

Naming ionic and covalent compounds follows specific rules based on their composition.

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Combining elements

When two elements combine, they form a new compound through a chemical bond.

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Understanding covalent compounds

Covalent compounds are formed when nonmetals share electrons.

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Properties of metals

Metals are typically shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

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Electron geometry

Electron geometry is the arrangement of electron pairs around a central atom.

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Diabetes control

People with diabetes have trouble controlling blood sugar levels.

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Study Notes

Measurements

  • Measurements consist of a number and a unit.

Temperature Changes

  • The study guide includes a question about what happens when hot and cold objects touch.

Significant Figures (SF)

  • Understand significant figures (SF)
  • Understand adding significant figures (SF).

Conversions

  • Understand conversions between metric units.

Chemical Composition of Hemoglobin

  • Hemoglobin contains a specific metal.

Atomic Structure

  • The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons.
  • The nucleus has a positive charge.

Identifying Elements

  • Elements are identified by their atomic number (also known as the proton number).

Characteristics of Metals

  • Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
  • Metals are malleable (can be hammered or shaped).
  • Metals are ductile (can be drawn into wires).
  • Metals are lustrous (shiny).
  • Metals are typically solid at room temperature (except mercury, which is liquid).
  • Metals usually have 1-3 valence electrons.
  • Metals tend to lose valence electrons.

Valence Electrons & Charges

  • Be able to identify main group valence electrons and their charges.

Naming Compounds

  • Be comfortable naming ionic and covalent compounds.

Nuclear Equations

  • Know the symbols for alpha (α) and beta (β) decay.
  • Know how to write nuclear equations.

Half-Life Calculations

  • Know how to calculate half-life.

Ionic Compounds

  • Ionic compounds are also known as salts.

Ionic Bonds

  • Understand ionic bonds.

Cations

  • Cations have a positive charge and have lost electrons.

Covalent Bonds

  • Understand covalent bonds.

Anions

  • Anions are formed by elements that gain electrons, giving them a negative charge.

Ionic Compound Formation

  • Ionic compounds start with a metal and a nonmetal.

Covalent Compound Formation

  • Covalent compounds start with nonmetals.

Prefixes in Chemistry

  • "Tetra" means four.

Electron Sharing in Bonds

  • 1 bond shares 2 electrons.
  • 2 bonds share 4 electrons.
  • 3 bonds share 6 electrons.

Diabetes and Blood Sugar Control

  • People with diabetes have trouble controlling their blood sugar levels.

Electron Geometry Charts

  • Understand electron geometry charts.

Moles and Representative Particles

  • A mole is a unit of measurement for atoms, ions, or molecules and equals 6.02 x 10^23 representative particles.

Molar Mass Calculations

  • Know how to calculate molar mass.

Converting Between Grams and Moles

  • Know how to convert between grams and moles of substances.

Converting Particles to Moles

  • Know how to convert the number of representative particles to moles.

Balancing Chemical Equations

  • Know how to balance chemical equations.

Predicting Reaction Types

  • Understand types of reactions (combination, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, redox).

Calculating Mass from a Balanced Equation

  • Using a balanced chemical equation, calculate the mass of one substance given the mass of another.

Redox Reactions

  • Understand redox (oxidation-reduction) reactions

Strong Acid in the Body

  • Identify the only strong acid produced in the body.

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Related Documents

Chemistry 105 Exam 1 Study Guide PDF

Description

Explore key concepts in chemistry including measurements, temperature changes, significant figures, and the chemical composition of hemoglobin. This quiz covers atomic structure, the identification of elements, and the characteristics of metals. Test your knowledge and deepen your understanding of these fundamental topics.

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