Chemistry Measurements Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the Celsius (ºC) temperature scale?

A scale that measures distance.
A temperature scale where water freezes at 0 ºC and boils at 100 ºC. (correct)
A scale used in cooking measurements.
A temperature scale used only in the United States.

What is a centimeter?

A unit of length in the metric system; there are 2.54 cm in 1 inch.

What is a chemical?

A substance that has the same composition and properties wherever it is found.

What is chemistry?

The science that studies the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter. Signup and view all the answers

What is a conversion factor?

A ratio in which the numerator and denominator are quantities from an equality or given relationship. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cubic centimeter?

The volume of a cube that has 1-cm sides; 1 cm³ is equal to 1 mL. Signup and view all the answers

What is density?

The relationship of the mass of an object to its volume expressed as grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³), grams per milliliter (g/mL), or grams per liter (g/L). Signup and view all the answers

What is an equality in measurements?

A relationship between two units that measure the same quantity. Signup and view all the answers

What is an exact number?

A number obtained by counting or by definition. Signup and view all the answers

What is a gram?

The metric unit used in measurements of mass. Signup and view all the answers

What is the International System of Units (SI)?

An international system of units that modifies the metric system. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Kelvin temperature scale?

A temperature scale on which the lowest possible temperature is 0 K. Signup and view all the answers

What is a kilogram?

A metric mass of 1000 g, equal to 2.20 lb. Signup and view all the answers

What is a liter?

The metric unit for volume that is slightly larger than a quart. Signup and view all the answers

What is mass?

A measure of the quantity of material in an object. Signup and view all the answers

What is a measured number?

A number obtained when a quantity is determined by using a measuring device. Signup and view all the answers

What is a meter?

The metric unit for length that is slightly longer than a yard. Signup and view all the answers

What is the metric system?

A system of measurement used by scientists and in most countries of the world. Signup and view all the answers

What is a milliliter?

A metric unit of volume equal to one-thousandth of a liter (0.001 L). Signup and view all the answers

What is a prefix in the metric system?

The part of the name of a metric unit that precedes the base unit and specifies the size of the measurement. Signup and view all the answers

What is scientific notation?

A form of writing large and small numbers using a coefficient that is at least 1 but less than 10, followed by a power of 10. Signup and view all the answers

What is a second?

A unit of time used in both the SI and metric system. Signup and view all the answers

What are significant figures?

The numbers recorded in a measurement. Signup and view all the answers

What is temperature?

An indicator of the hotness or coldness of an object. Signup and view all the answers

What is volume?

The amount of space occupied by a substance. Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Temperature Scales

Celsius (ºC): Freezing point of water is 0 ºC; boiling point is 100 ºC.
Kelvin (K): Lowest possible temperature is 0 K; an absolute temperature scale.

Units of Measurement

Centimeter (cm): A metric length unit; 1 inch equals 2.54 cm.
Cubic centimeter (cm³ or cc): Volume of a cube with sides of 1 cm; equivalent to 1 mL.
Gram (g): Metric unit of mass.
Kilogram (kg): 1,000 grams; SI standard unit of mass; equal to 2.20 lb.
Liter (L): Metric unit of volume; slightly larger than a quart.
Milliliter (mL): One-thousandth of a liter (0.001 L).
Meter (m): SI standard unit of length; slightly longer than a yard.
Second (s): Unit of time in SI and metric systems.

Concepts in Chemistry

Chemical: A substance with consistent composition and properties.
Chemistry: The science that explores the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter.
Density: Mass-to-volume relationship expressed as g/cm³, g/mL, or g/L.
Mass: Represents the quantity of material in an object.
Volume: The space an object occupies.

Measurement Principles

Exact Number: Counted or defined value with no uncertainty.
Measured Number: Derived from measurements using a device; contains uncertainty.
Significant Figures (SFs): Reflects the precision of recorded numbers in a measurement.

Mathematical Conversions

Conversion Factor: Ratio relating different units from an equality; e.g., 1 kg = 2.20 lb.
Equality: An established relationship between two equivalent units.
Prefix: Part of a metric unit name denoting measurement size, based on a decimal scale.

Scientific Approach

Scientific Notation: Method of expressing large/small numbers with a coefficient (1 to less than 10) followed by a power of ten.

Metrics in Science

Metric System: Widely used measurement system in scientific fields and most countries globally.

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