Chemistry Chapter on Hydrocarbons

<p>They have low boiling points and high volatility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combustion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrocarbons are grouped by increasing boiling points during the process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit gradual changes in physical properties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zygote &gt; Embryo &gt; Foetus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FSH promotes the development of follicles, while LH triggers ovulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>XY (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous variation involves multiple genes affecting a trait, while discontinuous variation typically involves a single gene. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progesterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moment equals the product of force and distance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paper production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can kill bacteria without substantial damage to tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A completely random process that occurs naturally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a safe distance from the material (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uranium salt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a = change in velocity / time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geiger-Muller counter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scalar quantity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P = V × I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Density = mass / volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It opposes their motion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight is the product of mass and gravity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It displaces a volume of fluid equal to its volume. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vector (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>V = IR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A property that causes protons and electrons to attract or repel each other (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ohms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesizing proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the voltage available to drive current through the circuit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Current (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy release during respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing resistance decreases current. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A family of organic compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties, showing a gradual increase in physical properties like melting and boiling points.

A process used to separate a mixture of hydrocarbons (like crude oil) based on their different boiling points.

An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, bonded together.

A mixture of hydrocarbons found underground, needing to be processed to be useful.

Breaking down large hydrocarbon chains into smaller, more useful ones

The burning of alkane fuels produces carbon dioxide, water and energy

An organic compound composed entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

Substances that emit harmful radiation, which can penetrate and damage living tissue. They must be handled with extreme care to prevent exposure and protect health.

Requires special precautions like lead shielding, tongs for handling, and maintaining a safe distance to minimize exposure to radiation.

Using radiation to kill bacteria and sterilize medical equipment, making it safe for use in healthcare.

Exposure to radiation can increase the risk of developing cancer due to mutations in cells, which can lead to uncontrolled cell growth.

A scalar quantity that measures how fast an object is moving. It indicates the distance traveled over a specific time.

A vector quantity that describes both the speed and direction of an object's motion.

A vector quantity representing the rate of change of an object's velocity. Positive acceleration indicates increasing speed, while negative acceleration indicates decreasing speed.

The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms. It represents the object's resistance to changes in motion.

The force exerted on an object due to gravity. It is directly proportional to an object's mass.

A process where the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) occurs inside the female's body.

Hormones like FSH, estrogen, and LH regulate the menstrual cycle, controlling the development of an egg and preparing the uterus for pregnancy.

A fertilized egg cell that is formed when a sperm cell successfully fertilizes an egg.

An embryo refers to the developing human from fertilization to the 8th week of pregnancy. A fetus refers to the developing human from the 8th week of pregnancy until birth.

The placenta connects the developing fetus to the mother's circulatory system, providing oxygen, nutrients, and removing waste products.

The electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit, measured in volts (V). It represents the driving force that pushes electric charge through the circuit.

The rate of flow of electrical charge through a circuit, measured in amperes (A). It represents how much charge passes a point in the circuit per unit time.

The opposition to the flow of electrical current, measured in ohms (Ω). It determines how much current will flow for a given voltage.

A fundamental law in electricity that states the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R): V = IR.

The rate at which energy is transferred or used, measured in watts (W). It represents how much energy is consumed or produced per unit time.

The buildup of electrical charges on the surface of an object, caused by an imbalance of electrons.

An imbalance of electrons on the surface of an object. When electrons are transferred from one object to another, it leads to a buildup of charges on each object resulting in static electricity.

There are two types of charges: positive and negative. Positive charges are due to a lack of electrons, while negative charges are due to an excess of electrons.

Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract each other. This is the fundamental principle that governs the interaction of charged objects.

Electrons are tiny negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. Their movement is responsible for electrical current.

A moment is the turning effect of a force around a pivot point. It's calculated by multiplying the force by the perpendicular distance from the pivot point.

A trebuchet is a catapult that uses a long arm and a heavy counterweight to launch projectiles. It works by harnessing the potential energy stored in the counterweight and releasing it as kinetic energy.

Energy is the ability to do work. It's measured in Joules.

Power is the rate at which energy is transferred or used. It's measured in Watts.

Pressure is the force applied over a specific area. It's measured in Pascals.

Radioactivity is the process where an unstable atomic nucleus releases energy and particles to become stable. It's a random process.

Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable atom releases particles and energy to become a more stable atom. It's a random process that happens over time.

Radioactivity can be detected using tools such as Geiger counters, photographic film, and cloud chambers. These devices measure the energy released by radioactive decay.

There are three main types of radiation: alpha, beta, and gamma. Alpha particles are made of two protons and two neutrons, beta particles are high-speed electrons, and gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic waves.

Alpha radiation is the least penetrating, but the most ionizing. Beta radiation is more penetrating than alpha, but less ionizing. Gamma radiation is the most penetrating and the least ionizing.