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Questions and Answers
Which subatomic particle was discovered by James Chadwick?
What is the primary characteristic of isotopes?
Which particle is located in the nucleus and has a positive charge?
What does the atomic number (Z) signify in an atom?
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Which of the following elements has an atomic number of 79?
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What is the approximate mass of a hydrogen atom?
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Which term describes the percentage of a specific isotope found in a sample?
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Which of the following correctly describes the mass number (A)?
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What is the charge of an electron?
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Which scientist proposed the existence of the atomic nucleus?
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What is the significance of the mass number A in isotopes?
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How is the average atomic mass of an element calculated?
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What does the symbol for Deuterium represent?
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Which statement is true regarding Tritium?
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What element is represented by the symbol 12 C?
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What is the average atomic mass of carbon, calculated using the isotopic abundances of carbon-12 and carbon-13?
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What does it mean if an isotope's abundance is very low, such as Tritium's?
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Which isotopes of carbon are stable?
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What is the value of one atomic mass unit (1 u) in grams?
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In the instance of Carbon-13, how does its composition differ from Carbon-12?
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How many atoms are present in one mole of any element?
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Why are isotopes typically named by writing their mass number after the element name?
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What would be the molar mass of 1 mole of gold (Au) in grams?
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What is the number of neutrons in the isotope Carbon-13?
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Which statement about isotopes is correct?
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What is the relationship between molar mass and average atomic mass?
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What is the total number of neutrons in a single atom of Carbon-12?
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What is the formula to calculate the number of moles in a substance?
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Which of the following elements is not considered a noble gas?
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Which term correctly defines elements that have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties?
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What characteristic distinguishes metals from non-metals in chemical properties?
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Which of the following is not classified as an alkaline earth metal?
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In the periodic table, which block contains the transition metals?
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Which group in the periodic table is characterized by having elements with similar properties and includes fluorine and chlorine?
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What is the primary chemical property of alkali metals such as sodium and potassium?
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Identify the element that is incorrectly matched with its Latin-based symbol.
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Which of the following best describes an s-block element?
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Which element is represented by the symbol 'Hg'?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- The smallest particle of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element is called an atom.
- An element is comprised of atoms that share the same chemical properties.
- Sb, Cu, Au, Fe, Pb, Hg, K, Ag, Na, Sn, and W are element symbols derived from Latin and German names.
Periodic Table
- The periodic table arranges elements into vertical columns called groups and horizontal rows called periods.
- Elements in the same group are called congeners.
- Alkali metals make up Group I (Na, Li, K, Rb, Cs).
- Alkaline earth metals make up Group II (Be, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba).
- Halogens make up Group VII (F, Cl, Br, I).
- Noble gases make up Group VIII (Kr, He, Ne, Xe, Rn).
- Transition metals are located between Groups II and III.
- s-block elements refer to Groups I and II.
- p-block elements refer to Groups III to VIII.
- d-block elements refer to transition metals.
- f-block elements refer to lanthanides and actinides.
Minerals in Multivitamins & Baby Formula
- Calcium (Ca)
- Phosphorus (P)
- Magnesium (Mg)
- Iron (Fe)
- Zinc (Zn)
- Manganese (Mn)
- Copper (Cu)
- Iodine (I)
- Selenium (Se)
- Sodium (Na)
- Potassium (K)
- Chlorine (Cl)
General Information
- A metal is a substance that conducts electricity, has a metallic luster, and is malleable and ductile.
- A non-metal is a substance that does not conduct electricity and is neither malleable nor ductile.
- A metalloid has the physical appearance and properties of a metal but chemically acts like a non-metal. Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), and Tellurium (Te) are examples.
Atomic Components
- Electrons were discovered by J.J. Thomson.
- Electrons have one negative charge (e–), a charge of 1.6 x 10–19 coulombs (C), and a mass of 9.1 x 10–28 grams.
- Protons were discovered by James Chadwick.
- Protons have one positive charge (p+). They are approximately 1836 times heavier than an electron.
- Protons are located in the nucleus.
- Neutrons are neutral. They are located in the nucleus.
- The nucleus is the positively charged center of the atom where protons and neutrons reside. It was proposed by Ernest Rutherford.
Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Average Atomic Mass
- The atomic number (Z) is the quantity of protons in the nucleus. It is written above the chemical symbol.
- An atom is electrically neutral, its number of protons must equal the number of electrons.
- Mass number (A) is the sum of protons and neutrons: A=Z+N
- The mass of an atom is measured by mass spectrometry.
- Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number but different masses due to a variation in the number of neutrons.
- Isotopic abundance is the percentage of an isotope in a sample.
- Natural abundance refers to the abundance of an isotope in a natural sample.
- Average atomic mass (also called atomic weight) is the average relative mass of an element, taking into account the natural abundance of its isotopes.
- Relative atomic mass is a comparison of an atom's mass with the mass of one atom of carbon-12.
- 1 atomic mass unit (u) is equivalent to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
The Mole and Molar Mass
- 1 mole of atoms of any element contains Avogadro’s number (NA) of atoms, which is 6.022 x 1023.
- 1 mole of carbon-12 is 12 grams.
- The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass of 1 mole expressed in grams.
- The molar mass of an element is numerically equal to the average atomic mass in atomic mass units (amu).
- For example, 1 mole of gold (Au) has a mass of 196.97 grams, 1 mole of copper (Cu) is 63.54 grams, and 1 mole of mercury (Hg) is 200.59 grams.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts in atomic structure and the periodic table. It explores the characteristics of atoms, chemical symbols, and the arrangement of elements into groups and periods. Understanding these concepts is essential for grasping advanced chemistry topics.
