Chemistry Chapter: Atomic Structure and Elements
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Questions and Answers

What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

  • Electrons
  • Protons and neutrons (correct)
  • Protons
  • Protons and electrons

    • Identify the correct classification of potassium and chlorine.

  • Metalloid, nonmetal
  • Metal, metalloid
  • Metal, nonmetal (correct)
  • Nonmetal, metal

    • What is the empirical formula of the ionic compound formed from aluminum and sulfur?

  • AlS
  • Al3S2
  • AlS2
  • Al2S3 (correct)

    • What is the correct name for the compound SrO?

    <p>Strontium oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the compound PCl3?

    <p>Phosphorous trichloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula represents ammonium carbonate?

    <p>(NH4)2CO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subatomic particle is the smallest and lightest?

    <p>Proton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an atom of 18Ar, how many electrons, protons, and neutrons are present?

    <p>18, 18, 22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isotopes are defined as atoms that have the same number of _______ but differing number of _______.

    <p>Protons, neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element has the largest first ionization energy?

    <p>F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following has the largest second ionization energy?

    <p>Li</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of aluminum?

    <p>Al(g) → Al+(g) + e-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion has the largest radius?

    <p>Cl-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of the following elements, which has the greatest electronegativity?

    <p>O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which list indicates the correct order of metallic character?

    <p>Na &gt; K &gt; Rb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the octet rule, strontium most likely forms which type of ion?

    <p>Sr2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many unpaired electrons are there in the Lewis structure of a nitrogen atom?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would need to lose one electron to achieve a noble gas electron configuration?

    <p>Na</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Lewis structure of H2O shows how many nonbonding electron pair(s) on oxygen?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is chromium(III) oxide?

    <p>Cr2O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 0.53 m?

    <p>5.7 × 10^8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of elements is most apt to form a molecular compound?

    <p>Sulfur, Fluorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation has the shortest wavelength?

    <p>X-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 12.3 nm?

    <p>1.62 × 10^-17 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many quantum numbers are necessary to designate a particular electron in an atom?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are how many unpaired electrons in a ground state phosphorus atom?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lowest energy shell that contains f orbitals has what principal quantum number?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following quantum numbers set is not acceptable for an electron?

    <p>1, 1, 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ground state electron configuration for zinc (Zn)?

    <p>[Kr]4s2 3d10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which set of three quantum numbers (n, l, ml) corresponds to a 3d orbital?

    <p>3, 2, 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At maximum, an s-subshell can hold __________ electrons, a p-subshell can hold __________ electrons, and a d-subshell can hold __________ electrons.

    <p>2, 6, 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elements in the modern version of the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing _______.

    <p>atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gives the correct order for atomic radius for Mg, Na, P, Si, and Ar?

    <p>Ar &gt; P &gt; Si &gt; Mg &gt; Na</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The atomic radius of main-group elements generally increases down a group because __________.

    <p>the principal quantum number of the valence orbitals increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?

    <p>Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following has the smallest radius?

    <p>Na</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an isoelectronic series?

    <p>O2-, F-, Ne, Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly lists the atoms in order of increasing size (smallest to largest)?

    <p>F &lt; Ge &lt; Br &lt; K &lt; Rb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Atomic Structure and Composition

    • Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons
    • Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus
    • Electrons orbit the nucleus

    Identifying Elements

    • Potassium is a metal
    • Chlorine is a nonmetal
    • Aluminum and Sulfur combine to form Al₂S₃

    Chemical Formulas and Names

    • SrO is called strontium oxide
    • PCl₃ is phosphorous trichloride
    • Ammonium carbonate's formula is (NH₄)₂CO₃

    Subatomic Particles

    • Electrons are the smallest and lightest subatomic particles

    Isotopes

    • Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

    Atomic Mass

    • The average atomic mass of silicon (Si) is 28.1 amu
    • Elements in the same group exhibit similar chemical properties

    Chemical Bonding

    • Ionic compounds form from the transfer of electrons between atoms

    Quantum Numbers

    • Quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms) describe the properties of electrons in an atom

    Electron Configurations

    • The electron configuration of nitrogen is 1s²2s²2p³
    • The electron configuration of zinc (Zn) is [Ar] 4s²3d¹⁰
    • The electron configuration of Nickel is [Ar] 4s²3d⁸

    Atomic Structure

    • Orbitals are regions of space where electrons are likely to be found

    Radioactivity

    • Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of energy in the form of radiation by some atomic nuclei

    Periodic Table Arrangement

    • Elements on the periodic table are arranged by increasing atomic number

    Predicting Ionic Compounds

    • Empirical formulas predict the simplest ratio of ions in an ionic compound

    Electromagnetic Radiation

    • Wavelength and frequency are inversely related

    Subatomic Particles: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

    • Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons
    • Protons: Positively charged particles. Neutrons: Neutral. Electrons: Negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus.

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    Fall 2024 Chemistry Midterm PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on atomic structure, chemical bonding, and periodic trends. This quiz covers essential topics such as subatomic particles, isotopes, and chemical formulas. Challenge yourself with questions related to the composition and properties of elements.

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