Chemistry Chapter 9 Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

Section ______

9.1

A chemical reaction is present if a tomato smells rotten.

True

A chemical reaction is present if a drinking glass breaks into smaller pieces.

False

A chemical reaction is present when a piece of ice melts.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chemical reaction is present when a drain cleaner is mixed with water and the solution becomes warm.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chemical reaction is present when a candle burns.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chemical reaction is present when green leaves turn yellow and red at the change of season.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chemical reaction is present when baking powder produces a gas that makes a cake rise.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Balancing Chemical ______

<p>Equations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reactant?

<p>A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a product?

<p>A substance produced in a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the arrow in a chemical equation signify?

<p>It shows what a chemical reaction yields and separates reactants from products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the plus sign in a chemical equation indicate?

<p>It is used to separate the symbols in a chemical reaction on both sides of the arrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the symbols (g), (aq), and (l) represent?

<p>(g) = gas; (aq) = aqueous solution; (l) = liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a word equation for a chemical reaction?

<p>It uses the names of the elements with all the needed symbols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a skeletal equation for a chemical reaction?

<p>A representation using formulas to indicate the chemicals involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a balanced chemical equation?

<p>The number of atoms of each element in the reactants equals that in the products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Section ______

<p>9.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chemical synthesis?

<p>A purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain a product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is combustion?

<p>A rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, producing heat and light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is decomposition?

<p>A chemical reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is replacement in chemical reactions?

<p>A reaction where one element replaces another in a compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is derived from metal activity?

<p>Metals react by giving up electrons; more active metals have the lowest ionization energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines halogen activity?

<p>It follows the order on the periodic table, being the most reactive group of all elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a single-replacement reaction?

<p>A chemical change where one element replaces a second element in a compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a double-replacement reaction?

<p>A chemical change that involves an exchange of positive ions between two compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reactions in ______ Solutions

<p>Aqueous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are aqueous solutions?

<p>Solutions in which water is the solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in reactions that form precipitates?

<p>Cations and anions combine to form an insoluble ionic solid called a precipitate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in reactions that form water?

<p>These are special types of double displacement reactions involving an acid and a base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of reactions form gases?

<p>Generally involve an acid and metal compound that produces gases like CO2 or H2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Reactions

  • A rotten tomato indicates a chemical reaction has occurred.
  • Breaking glass is a physical change, not a chemical reaction.
  • Melting ice is a physical change, not a chemical reaction.
  • A warm solution when mixing drain cleaner with water indicates a chemical reaction.
  • Burning a candle involves the wax reacting with oxygen to create a new compound.
  • Seasonal color changes in leaves are a result of chemical reactions.

Balancing Chemical Equations

  • Reactants are the starting substances in a chemical reaction.
  • Products are the new substances produced in a chemical reaction.
  • An arrow in a chemical equation indicates what the reaction yields and separates reactants from products.
  • A plus sign in chemical equations separates different substances on both sides of the arrow.
  • States of matter in equations: (g) for gas, (aq) for aqueous solution, (l) for liquid; water is often designated (l), and dissolved substances are (aq).
  • A word equation displays the names of the elements involved; for example, Hydrogen (g) + Oxygen (l) -> Water (aq).
  • A skeletal equation uses formulas to represent the reactants and products, such as "Mg + O2 -> MgO".
  • A balanced chemical equation has equal numbers of different atoms on both sides.

Classifying Chemical Reactions

  • Chemical synthesis deliberately combines reactions to produce one or more products.
  • Combustion involves rapid reactions between substances and oxygen, producing heat and light.
  • Decomposition reactions break compounds down into simpler substances.
  • Replacement reactions involve one element substituting another in a compound or the exchange of elements in different compounds.
  • Metal activity is based on electron donation; metals with lower ionization energies are more reactive.
  • Halogen activity is determined by their position in the periodic table; they are the most reactive group of elements.
  • Single-replacement reactions have one element replacing another in a compound.
  • Double-replacement reactions involve the exchange of positive ions between two compounds.

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

  • Aqueous solutions consist of water as the solvent.
  • Precipitation reactions form an insoluble solid (precipitate) from the combination of cations and anions in solution.
  • Reactions forming water involve acids and bases reacting to produce salt and water.
  • Acid and metal reactions can produce gases like CO2, HCN, or H2, often resulting from rearrangement of compounds.

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Test your knowledge with this study guide for Chapter 9 from the McGraw Hill textbook. The quiz includes true or false statements related to chemical reactions, helping you to review key concepts and prepare effectively for your exam.

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