Chemistry Exam Study Guide
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Questions and Answers

How many valence electrons are present in K2S?

  • 16
  • 4
  • 2
  • 8 (correct)

    • What happens in an exothermic reaction?

  • Chemical bonds are broken without energy change
  • The temperature remains constant
  • Energy is absorbed from the surroundings
  • Energy is released into the surroundings (correct)

    • What type of bond is primarily formed between atoms with electron configurations 1s²2s² and 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶?

  • Ionic bond (correct)
  • Metallic bond
  • Covalent bond
  • Hydrogen bond

    • Which molecular geometry corresponds to the molecule SO3?

    <p>Trigonal planar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about isotopes is true?

    <p>Isotopes differ in the number of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shared electron count between the carbon atoms in H2-C=C-H2?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electrons can the fifth principal energy level hold when completely filled?

    <p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indication of a chemical change?

    <p>Color change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about electronegativity is correct?

    <p>Se attracts bonding electrons more strongly than Te.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular shape of water (H2O)?

    <p>Bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an atom loses an electron, what charge does it become?

    <p>Positive charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of forces hold AgNO3 together?

    <p>Ionic forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the major portion of an atom's volume?

    <p>The electron cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is considered an ionic compound?

    <p>CuSO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor influencing the shape of a molecule?

    <p>Repulsive forces between electron clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes electron spin in orbitals?

    <p>Electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following segments on the heating curve represents liquid phase?

    <p>Segment 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the pressure of a substance is increased at a given temperature?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to electrons when they move to a higher energy level?

    <p>They absorb energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strongest type of Van der Waals force?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase change are intermolecular forces primarily overcome?

    <p>Melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxidation state of mercury in HgS?

    <p>+1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical bond occurs specifically between hydrogen and electronegative atoms like O, N, or F?

    <p>Hydrogen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the critical point in a substance's phase diagram?

    <p>Liquid cannot exist above this point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What charge do halogens in Group 17 typically gain when they form ions?

    <p>-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix is commonly used in naming ionic compounds when the nonmetal is the second listed element?

    <p>-ide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct total number of Y atoms in a compound that has the formula X3Y and contains 15 X atoms?

    <p>45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is named using the Stock System?

    <p>Tin (II) phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes binary molecular compounds?

    <p>Compounds consisting of two elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do chlorate and chlorite ions differ from each other?

    <p>By the number of oxygen atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When testing the odor of fumes, what is the correct method?

    <p>Gently wave the fumes toward your nose and softly inhale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a neutral compound formed from ions, what must the total oxidation state equal?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weighted atomic mass of Bromine based on its isotopes X-79 and X-81?

    <p>79.9 amu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element has the highest electronegativity?

    <p>Fluorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the elements in Group 15 as you move down the group?

    <p>They progress from nonmetals to metalloids to metals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about nonmetals is true?

    <p>Bromine is an example of a nonmetal that is solid and brittle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is known to have the least tendency to lose electrons in Period 4?

    <p>Bromine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the grouping of elements on the periodic table?

    <p>Elements in the same group have the same properties and valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the organization of the periodic table?

    <p>The increasing atomic number and number of protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about electron configurations is true for the element in Period 5?

    <p>It contains unpaired electrons in p orbitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Exam Study Guide

    • The study guide comprehensively represents the exam, though minor changes may occur.
    • Successful completion of the guide ensures exam success.
    • Resources include: Physical/Chemical Notepacket, Atomic Structure Notepacket, Periodicity Notepacket, Bonding Notepacket, Phase/IMF Notepacket, Nomenclature Notepacket, and Supplementary Packets.

    Chemical Reactions

    • Endothermic Reactions: Absorb energy.
    • Exothermic Reactions: Release energy.

    Elements and Substances

    • Elements: Substances that can't be decomposed by chemical means.
    • Examples of physical changes (matter): State change, cutting, crushing, dissolving.
    • Examples of chemical changes (matter): Decomposition, rusting, corrosion, combustion.

    Atomic Structure

    • Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.
    • Chlorine-35 isotope composition: 17 protons, 18 neutrons, 17 electrons.

    Energy Levels and Sublevels

    • 5d¹⁰: Energy level 5, sublevel d, 10 electrons in orbitals.

    Atomic Structure - General

    • The major portion of an atom's volume is empty space (electron cloud).

    Atomic Number and Ions

    • Atomic number is equal to the number of protons.
    • Losing an electron creates a positively charged ion.

    Chemical Bonding

    • Electronegativity: Increases across a period (except for the noble gases), and decreases down a group.
    • Metals vs. nonmetals The least ionic character is found with nonmetals.

    Periodicity

    • Elements in the same group share similar chemical properties.
    • Fluorine (F) is the most active nonmetal.

    Electron Configuration

    • Valence electrons: Determine the reactivity of an element.
    • Hund's rule: Each orbital is occupied by one electron before any is occupied by a second.
    • Orbitals with equal energy are singly populated with electrons before filling.

    Orbital

    • Each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
    • Chemical properties change across a period (row).
    • Electron behavior in different periods: Properties such as ionization energy and tendency to lose electrons change across a period (row).

    Chemical Bonding

    • Ionic bonds: Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
    • Metallic: Atoms held together in a metal by metallic bonding.
    • Covalent bonds: Electrons are shared.

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    Chemistry I Honors Semester 1 Exam Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This comprehensive study guide covers key topics for the chemistry exam including chemical reactions such as endothermic and exothermic, atomic structure, and the distinction between elements and substances. Ensure your success by understanding physical and chemical changes, energy levels, and isotopes.

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