Chemistry Semester 1 Exam Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a property that can be identified using the periodic table?

Number of protons
Atomic number
Color of the element (correct)
Element's symbol

Protons, neutrons, and electrons are all found in the nucleus of an atom.

False (B)

What is the main objective of Lesson 2?

To locate elements on the periodic table and identify their properties.

The periodic table lists elements in rows called and columns known as .

periods, groups Signup and view all the answers

Match the following particles with their properties:

Protons = Positively charged Neutrons = No charge Electrons = Negatively charged Nucleus = Center of the atom Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the information about elements provided by the periodic table?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

The exam review week is scheduled from January 1st to 5th, 2025.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom?

Protons, neutrons, electrons Signup and view all the answers

What are valence electrons primarily responsible for?

Creating chemical bonds between atoms (C) Signup and view all the answers

Metalloids have properties that are either similar to metals or nonmetals.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of metals in chemical bonding?

Metals typically lose valence electrons to form positive ions, facilitating bond formation. Signup and view all the answers

Nonmetals generally gain or share ______ in chemical reactions.

electrons Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements to their classifications:

Copper = Metal Sulfur = Nonmetal Silicon = Metalloid Iron = Metal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the properties of metals?

They are generally shiny, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

All metalloids are conductors of electricity.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes metalloids from metals and nonmetals?

Metalloids have intermediate properties between metals and nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Lesson 1?

Explaining motion and forces (B) Signup and view all the answers

Unbalanced forces will not affect an object's motion.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Define 'reference point' in the context of motion.

A reference point is a starting point used to describe the position or motion of an object. Signup and view all the answers

The net force determines if an object will remain at rest or move, provided the forces are ______.

unbalanced Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Reference Point = A location used for comparison Net Force = The total force acting on an object Balanced Forces = Forces that cancel each other out Unbalanced Forces = Forces that cause a change in motion Signup and view all the answers

What concept is NOT included in the objectives of Lesson 1?

Speed (C) Signup and view all the answers

Relative motion is the same as absolute motion.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are balanced forces?

Balanced forces are forces that are equal in size but opposite in direction, resulting in no change in motion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of mixture that has a uniform composition throughout?

Solution (D) Signup and view all the answers

An exothermic reaction absorbs energy from the surroundings.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What evidence would suggest a chemical change has occurred?

Formation of new substances with different properties. Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical reaction, the substances present at the beginning are called __________.

reactants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes a colloid?

Particles are mixed uniformly and cannot be separated by filtration. (B) Signup and view all the answers

The product in a chemical reaction is what you start with.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

When energy is required for a chemical reaction to occur, it is called an __________ reaction.

endothermic Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers specifically to the rate at which an object changes its position?

Speed (B) Signup and view all the answers

Velocity is a scalar quantity that only refers to the speed of an object.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three laws of motion formulated by Newton?

<ol> <li>An object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by a force. 2) Force equals mass times acceleration. 3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

An object's __________ is the change in velocity over time.

acceleration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best represents Newton's first law of motion?

An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a force. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Describe one similarity and one difference between speed and velocity.

Similarity: Both measure how fast an object is moving. Difference: Speed is scalar (has no direction), while velocity is a vector (has direction). Signup and view all the answers

Acceleration can occur when an object is moving at a constant speed if its direction changes.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Reactants are substances that are produced in a chemical reaction.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

List the three main types of chemical reactions.

Synthesis, decomposition, and displacement. Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical equation, the substances that undergo change are called the ______.

reactants Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of chemical reactions to their descriptions:

Synthesis = Two or more reactants combine to form one product. Decomposition = One compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. Single displacement = One element replaces another in a compound. Double displacement = The exchange of ions between two compounds occurs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a decomposition reaction?

A single compound breaks down into multiple products. (A) Signup and view all the answers

The total mass of products is always greater than the total mass of reactants in a chemical reaction.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the law of conservation of mass, during a chemical reaction, the mass of the before the reaction must equal the mass of the after the reaction.

reactants, products Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the Periodic Table?

The Periodic Table is a chart that organizes all the known chemical elements based on their atomic numbers, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties.

What are protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, neutrons have no charge and are also in the nucleus, and electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus.

What does the atomic number represent?

The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons within the nucleus of an atom of that element.

What does the atomic mass represent?

The atomic mass of an element is the average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of the element, considering their relative abundance.