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Questions and Answers
What determines how much product can actually form in a chemical reaction?
What determines how much product can actually form in a chemical reaction?
The amount of reactant present at the start of a chemical reaction.
When do chemical reactions stop?
When do chemical reactions stop?
When one of the reactants is used up.
What is stoichiometry?
What is stoichiometry?
The study of quantitative relationships between the amounts of reactants used and amounts of products formed by a chemical reaction.
What is stoichiometry based on?
What is stoichiometry based on?
What is a mole ratio?
What is a mole ratio?
What is a mole ratio for the equation: 2Al(s) + 3Br₂(l) → 2AlBr₃(s)?
What is a mole ratio for the equation: 2Al(s) + 3Br₂(l) → 2AlBr₃(s)?
How many mole ratios can be written for the equation: 4H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(l)?
How many mole ratios can be written for the equation: 4H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(l)?
What does every stoichiometric problem require?
What does every stoichiometric problem require?
What do all stoichiometric problems begin with?
What do all stoichiometric problems begin with?
What does the endpoint of a stoichiometric calculation depend on?
What does the endpoint of a stoichiometric calculation depend on?
When does a chemical reaction stop?
When does a chemical reaction stop?
Reactions proceed until?
Reactions proceed until?
The limiting reactant limits the ______ of the reaction, and thereby determines the _____________-.
The limiting reactant limits the ______ of the reaction, and thereby determines the _____________-.
What are excess reactants?
What are excess reactants?
Sometimes there's ___ leftover.
Sometimes there's ___ leftover.
Why is determining the limiting reactant important?
Why is determining the limiting reactant important?
Using an excess reactant can ________ the reaction.
Using an excess reactant can ________ the reaction.
Using an excess reactant can _______________ to ________.
Using an excess reactant can _______________ to ________.
Percent yield is a measure of the _________ of a reaction.
Percent yield is a measure of the _________ of a reaction.
Laboratory reactions do not always produce?
Laboratory reactions do not always produce?
Reactants stick to _________. There can be ________ reactants. __________ reactions form other products.
Reactants stick to _________. There can be ________ reactants. __________ reactions form other products.
What is the theoretical yield?
What is the theoretical yield?
What is the actual yield?
What is the actual yield?
What is the percent yield of a product?
What is the percent yield of a product?
Why is percent yield important?
Why is percent yield important?
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Study Notes
Chemical Reaction Fundamentals
- The initial amount of reactant influences the maximum possible product yield in a reaction.
- A reaction ceases when one reactant is completely consumed.
Stoichiometry Overview
- Stoichiometry examines the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions.
- Fundamental principle based on the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Mole Ratios
- A mole ratio quantifies the relationship between the number of moles of two substances in a balanced equation.
- Example ratio from the equation 2Al(s) + 3Br₂(l) → 2AlBr₃(s): 2 mol Al : 3 mol Br₂.
- Six different mole ratios can be derived from the equation 4H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(l).
Stoichiometric Calculations
- Every stoichiometric problem starts with a balanced chemical equation.
- The concluding phase of a calculation depends on the desired unit of the unknown substance.
Limiting and Excess Reactants
- A reaction concludes when one reactant is exhausted, leaving others in excess.
- The limiting reactant determines the extent of the reaction and the quantity of product produced.
- Excess reactants enhance reaction efficiency and can drive reactions to completion.
Yield Concepts
- Percent yield assesses a reaction's efficiency, calculated as (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100%.
- The theoretical yield is the predicted maximum quantity of product from specific reactant amounts.
- Actual yield represents the real amount of product obtained in laboratory experiments.
Practical Considerations in Reactions
- Laboratory reactions may yield less product than anticipated due to reactants adhering to containers, impure reactants, or competing reactions.
- Understanding percent yield is crucial for evaluating the economic effectiveness of industrial manufacturing processes.
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