Chemistry Chapter 3 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of Volume?

  • Amount of matter an object contains
  • Matter that has a definite shape
  • A quality or condition of a substance
  • Measure of the space occupied by an object (correct)

    • How is Mass defined?

  • Measure of the space occupied by an object
  • Physical blend of two components
  • Amount of matter an object contains (correct)
  • Substance with uniform composition

    • What is a Substance?

  • A change to a material
  • Matter with uniform composition (correct)
  • A quality of a substance
  • A mixture of components

    • Which of the following describes a Physical Property?

    <p>A quality observed or measured without changing composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a Solid?

    <p>Matter with definite shape and volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a Liquid defined?

    <p>Matter that takes the shape of its container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Gas?

    <p>Matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Vapor?

    <p>Gaseous state of a substance that generally exists as a liquid or solid at room temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Physical Change?

    <p>A change to a material that does not change its composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Extensive Property?

    <p>Depends on the amount of matter in a sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Intensive Property?

    <p>Depends on the type of matter in a sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Mixture?

    <p>A blend of two or more components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Heterogeneous Mixture is uniform in composition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Homogeneous Mixture has a uniform composition throughout.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for a Homogeneous Mixture?

    <p>Solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Phase?

    <p>Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Distillation?

    <p>Separation of a liquid by boiling followed by condensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Filtration?

    <p>A method for separating a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Element?

    <p>Simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Compound?

    <p>Substance that can be separated into simpler substances only by chemical change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Chemical Symbol?

    <p>One or two letters that represent an element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Chemical Change?

    <p>A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Chemical Reaction?

    <p>Process in which one or more substances change into one or more new substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Reactants?

    <p>Starting substances in a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Product?

    <p>Substances formed in a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Chemical Property?

    <p>Ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Precipitate?

    <p>Solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Matter?

    <p>Anything that occupies space and has mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four states of Matter?

    <p>Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

    <p>Energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three common units for measuring energy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three common units for measuring Temperature?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Heat Capacity?

    <p>The amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of an object exactly 1°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for Density?

    <p>D = Mass / Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Plasma?

    <p>An ionized form of matter that is only found in nuclear explosions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Boiling Water?

    <p>Physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Melting/ Freezing point?

    <p>Physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Malleability?

    <p>Physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Ductility?

    <p>Physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Colorless matter?

    <p>Physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Odorless matter?

    <p>Physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Flammability?

    <p>Chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Oxidation (rusting)?

    <p>Chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Polymerization?

    <p>Chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Concepts in Chemistry

    • Volume: Measurement of space an object occupies; critical in various chemical calculations.

    • Mass: Denotes the amount of matter in an object; fundamental in defining density and reactions.

    • Substance: Matter with a uniform and definite composition, essential for chemical identification.

    • Physical Property: Observable/measurable qualities that don't alter the substance’s composition, such as color or density.

    • States of Matter:

      • Solid: Definite shape and volume, closely packed particles.
      • Liquid: Definite volume but takes the shape of the container; particles are less tightly packed than solids.
      • Gas: Takes both the shape and volume of its container; particles are far apart and move freely.
      • Vapor: Gaseous state of substances typically found as liquids or solids at room temperature.

    • Physical Change: Transformation that does not affect a substance's chemical composition, such as freezing or melting.

    • Mixtures:

      • Extensive Property: Depends on the amount of matter (e.g., mass, volume).
      • Intensive Property: Depends on the type of matter regardless of quantity (e.g., boiling point).
      • Heterogeneous Mixture: Composition is not uniform; components can often be seen separately.
      • Homogeneous Mixture (Solution): Uniform composition throughout; components are indistinguishable.

    • Separation Techniques:

      • Distillation: Method to separate liquid mixtures based on boiling point differences.
      • Filtration: Technique for isolating solids from liquids in heterogeneous mixtures.

    • Chemical Entities:

      • Element: Simplest form of matter with unique properties.
      • Compound: Substances formed from two or more elements, separable only through chemical changes.

    • Chemical Symbol: A one or two-letter notation representing an element on the periodic table.

    • Chemical Change: Process resulting in new substances with different compositions from the originals.

    • Chemical Reaction: Interaction where reactants transform into products.

    • Reactants and Products:

      • Reactants: Initial substances in a reaction.
      • Products: Substances produced by a reaction.

    • Chemical Properties: Indicate the ability of a substance to participate in chemical changes, such as flammability and oxidation.

    • Precipitate: Solid that forms from a liquid mixture, often signaling a chemical reaction.

    • Matter: Any entity occupying space and possessing mass.

    Energy and Temperature

    • Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

    • Energy Units: Common units include joules, calories, and kilowatt-hours.

    • Temperature Units: Temperature can be measured in Fahrenheit, Celsius, or Kelvin.

    • Heat Capacity: Energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1°C; important for thermal calculations.

    Density and Plasma

    • Density Equation: Density (D) is calculated using the formula D = Mass / Volume.

    • Plasma: An ionized state of matter found in extreme conditions, such as in nuclear explosions.

    Physical vs. Chemical Changes

    • Physical Changes: Examples include boiling water, melting/freezing points, malleability, ductility, and colorless/odorless characteristics.

    • Chemical Changes: Indicators include flammability and oxidation (e.g., rusting); signify the formation of new substances.

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    Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chemistry Chapter 3. Each card covers key concepts such as volume, mass, and physical properties that are essential for understanding the foundation of chemistry. Perfect for review or study sessions!

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