First Chemistry Test Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is chemistry?

The study of energy

The study of life

The study of matter (correct)

The study of motion

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space or has volume

What is a solution?

Homogeneous mixture/solute + solvent

What is a solute?

Substance being dissolved Signup and view all the answers

What is a solvent?

Thing doing the dissolving Signup and view all the answers

What is pure water?

H2O, compound Signup and view all the answers

What is tap water?

H2O, Fluoride, chlorine, minerals (Ca, Fe), homogeneous mixture Signup and view all the answers

What is distilled water?

Just H2O, compound, boiled tap water and steam Signup and view all the answers

What is a phase?

Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties Signup and view all the answers

What is a homogeneous mixture?

Mixture that looks the same Signup and view all the answers

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

Mixture that looks different Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to dissolve?

To cause to pass into solution (it's a physical reaction, not chemical) Signup and view all the answers

What is an alloy?

Mixture of 2 or more elements at least one of which is a metal, ex: sterling silver (silver and copper) Signup and view all the answers

What are the states of matter?

Solid, liquid, gas Signup and view all the answers

What is a solid?

Definite shape and volume, particles close together Signup and view all the answers

What is a liquid?

Indefinite shape, definite volume, and particles in between solid and gas Signup and view all the answers

What is a gas?

Indefinite shape and volume, particles far apart Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical change/reaction?

A change that does not include change in composition, ex: ripping, bending, mashing Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical change/reaction?

A change that involves a change in composition, ex: rusting, tarnishing, combustion Signup and view all the answers

What is evidence of a chemical reaction?

Change in color Signup and view all the answers

What is luster?

Shine Signup and view all the answers

What does malleable mean?

Can be pounded into a thin sheet Signup and view all the answers

What does ductile mean?

Pulled into wire shape Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical property?

A characteristic (trait) that can be observed without changing chemical composition Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical property?

A characteristic that can only be observed with changing a chemical composition Signup and view all the answers

What are the subgroups of physical properties?

Extensive and intensive Signup and view all the answers

What is an intensive property?

A property which can be observed independent of an amount, ex: color, density Signup and view all the answers

What is an extensive property?

A property that depends on amount or quantity, ex: volume, mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Matter can't be created or destroyed Signup and view all the answers

How are mixtures separated?

Differences in physical properties are used to separate mixtures Signup and view all the answers

What are reactants?

Starting materials (left of arrow) Signup and view all the answers

What are products?

Ending materials (right of arrow) Signup and view all the answers

What is quantitative data?

Data that involves measurements, ex: mass, length, volume Signup and view all the answers

What is qualitative data?

Data which deals with characteristics that do not involve measurements Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemistry Fundamentals

Chemistry is the study of matter, exploring its properties and interactions.

Matter

Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space (i.e., has volume).

Solutions

A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solute (substance being dissolved) and a solvent (substance doing the dissolving).

Water Types

Pure water (H2O) is a compound, while tap water contains other components like fluoride and minerals.
Distilled water is purified H2O obtained through boiling and condensation of tap water.

Mixtures

Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition and appearance, while heterogeneous mixtures consist of visibly different components.

Dissolving Process

Dissolving is a physical process where a solute passes into solution without altering its chemical composition.

Alloys

An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements, with at least one being a metal (e.g., sterling silver).

States of Matter

Matter exists in three states: solid (definite shape and volume), liquid (indefinite shape but definite volume), and gas (indefinite shape and volume).

Changes in Matter

Physical changes do not involve alterations in composition (e.g., ripping, bending).
Chemical changes involve changes in composition (e.g., rusting, combustion).

Evidence of Chemical Reactions

Indicators of chemical reactions include color change, temperature change, gas production (bubbles), and precipitate formation (from clear to cloudy).

Physical Properties

Physical properties can be observed without changing chemical composition, including color, shape, density, and melting point.

Chemical Properties

Chemical properties can only be observed by changing chemical composition, such as flammability and reactivity.

Property Subgroups

Physical properties are classified into extensive (dependent on amount, like mass) and intensive properties (independent of amount, like color).

Law of Conservation of Mass

According to the law of conservation of mass, matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Mixture Separation Techniques

Mixtures can be separated utilizing differences in physical properties like size, magnetism, boiling point (distillation), color, and density.

Chemical Reactions

Reactants are the starting materials in a reaction, located to the left of the reaction arrow, while products are the substances formed, positioned on the right.

Data Types

Quantitative data includes measurable attributes (e.g., mass, volume), whereas qualitative data encompasses descriptive characteristics (e.g., color, shape).

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Description

Prepare for your first chemistry test with these handy flashcards! This quiz covers key terms and definitions related to the study of matter, solutions, and their components. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of basic chemistry concepts.