First Chemistry Test Flashcards

Chemistry Fundamentals

• Chemistry is the study of matter, exploring its properties and interactions.

Matter

• Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space (i.e., has volume).

Solutions

• A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solute (substance being dissolved) and a solvent (substance doing the dissolving).

Water Types

• Pure water (H2O) is a compound, while tap water contains other components like fluoride and minerals.
• Distilled water is purified H2O obtained through boiling and condensation of tap water.

Mixtures

• Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition and appearance, while heterogeneous mixtures consist of visibly different components.

Dissolving Process

• Dissolving is a physical process where a solute passes into solution without altering its chemical composition.

Alloys

• An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements, with at least one being a metal (e.g., sterling silver).

States of Matter

• Matter exists in three states: solid (definite shape and volume), liquid (indefinite shape but definite volume), and gas (indefinite shape and volume).

Changes in Matter

• Physical changes do not involve alterations in composition (e.g., ripping, bending).
• Chemical changes involve changes in composition (e.g., rusting, combustion).

Evidence of Chemical Reactions

• Indicators of chemical reactions include color change, temperature change, gas production (bubbles), and precipitate formation (from clear to cloudy).

Physical Properties

• Physical properties can be observed without changing chemical composition, including color, shape, density, and melting point.

Chemical Properties

• Chemical properties can only be observed by changing chemical composition, such as flammability and reactivity.

Property Subgroups

• Physical properties are classified into extensive (dependent on amount, like mass) and intensive properties (independent of amount, like color).

Law of Conservation of Mass

• According to the law of conservation of mass, matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Mixture Separation Techniques

• Mixtures can be separated utilizing differences in physical properties like size, magnetism, boiling point (distillation), color, and density.

Chemical Reactions

• Reactants are the starting materials in a reaction, located to the left of the reaction arrow, while products are the substances formed, positioned on the right.

Data Types

• Quantitative data includes measurable attributes (e.g., mass, volume), whereas qualitative data encompasses descriptive characteristics (e.g., color, shape).

Prepare for your first chemistry test with these handy flashcards! This quiz covers key terms and definitions related to the study of matter, solutions, and their components. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of basic chemistry concepts.