AQA GCSE Chemistry Key Words
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Questions and Answers

What is an acid?

  • A mixture of different length hydrocarbon chains
  • A solution that has a low pH due to hydrogen ions (correct)
  • A base that accepts protons
  • A solution that has a high pH due to hydroxide ions

    • What is activation energy?

    The energy needed to start a reaction.

    What is an alkali?

  • A solution that has a low pH due to hydroxide ions
  • A highly reactive metal
  • A solution that has a high pH due to hydroxide ions (correct)
  • A mixture of atoms

    • What defines an alkali metal?

    <p>Highly reactive metals found on the left of the periodic table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are alkanes?

    <p>Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are alkenes?

    <p>Hydrocarbons containing double bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alloy?

    <p>A mixture of atoms that lead to distorted layers that cannot slide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an anode?

    <p>The positive electrode in electrolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an aqueous solution?

    <p>The mixture made by adding a soluble substance to water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an atom?

    <p>A small part of matter made up from a mixture of protons, neutrons, and electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atomic number?

    <p>The number of protons in an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a base?

    <p>The oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate of a metal that will react with an acid, forming a salt as one of the products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does biodegradable mean?

    <p>Materials that can be broken down by microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biofuel?

    <p>Fuel made from animal or plant products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bioleaching?

    <p>Mining low yield ores using bacteria to retrieve elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a blast furnace?

    <p>The huge reaction vessels used in industry to extract iron from its ore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bromine water used for?

    <p>To test for double bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a burette?

    <p>A long glass tube with a tap at one end and markings to show volumes of a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a carbon footprint?

    <p>The amount of carbon that is released into the atmosphere based on your daily activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a catalyst?

    <p>Something that speeds up a reaction without being used up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cathode?

    <p>The negative electrode in electrolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chromatography?

    <p>The process whereby small amounts of dissolved substances are separated by running a solvent along a material such as absorbent paper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is collision theory?

    <p>An explanation of chemical reactions in terms of reacting particles colliding with sufficient energy for a reaction to take place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is combustion?

    <p>Burning of a compound in oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compound?

    <p>Two or more elements chemically bonded together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is covalent bonding?

    <p>Sharing of electrons between two non-metals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cracking?

    <p>Breaking a long hydrocarbon chain to short hydrocarbon chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crude oil?

    <p>A mixture of different length hydrocarbon chains made from decomposing dead plants and animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is desalination?

    <p>Removal of salt from water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a delocalised electron?

    <p>Bonding electron that is no longer associated with any one particular atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dependent variable?

    <p>The variable for which the values are measured for each and every change in the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines diamond?

    <p>Giant covalent compound where each carbon atom makes four bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diffusion?

    <p>The automatic mixing of liquids and gases as a result of the random motion of their particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is displacement?

    <p>A type of reaction where one element replaces another in a compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is distillation?

    <p>Separation of liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is electrolysis?

    <p>Separating compounds using electricity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an electrolyte?

    <p>A liquid containing free-moving ions that is broken down by electricity in the process of electrolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an electron?

    <p>Found in the shells around the nucleus, has a charge of minus one and no mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an element?

    <p>A group of (or single) atoms that all have the same chemical characteristics and can be found on the periodic table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does endothermic mean?

    <p>A reaction that takes in energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is equilibrium in a chemical reaction?

    <p>The point in a reversible reaction at which the forward and backward rates of reaction are the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is exothermic?

    <p>A reaction that releases energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fermentation?

    <p>The reaction in which the enzymes in yeast turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is filtration?

    <p>The technique used to separate substances that are insoluble in a particular solvent from those that are soluble.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is flammability?

    <p>The tendency for a substance to catch fire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formulation?

    <p>Mixture of compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fractional distillation?

    <p>Separating out a mixture of different length hydrocarbon chains based upon boiling point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gas?

    <p>A state of matter where the atoms move fast and randomly, can be compressed and flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines graphite?

    <p>Giant covalent compound where each carbon atom makes three bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a greenhouse gas?

    <p>Gas that traps infra-red radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a halogen?

    <p>Highly reactive non-metals found on the right of the periodic table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a homologous series?

    <p>A group of related organic compounds that have the same functional group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hydrocarbon?

    <p>A compound that only has carbon and hydrogen in it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is incomplete combustion?

    <p>When a fuel burns in insufficient oxygen, producing carbon monoxide as a toxic product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are intermolecular forces?

    <p>The attraction between the individual molecules in a covalently bonded substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ion?

    <p>Atoms that have lost or gained electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ionic bonding?

    <p>Transfer of electrons between a metal and a non-metal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an isotope?

    <p>Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of conservation of energy?

    <p>The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the mass of the reactants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is life cycle assessment?

    <p>Carried out to assess the environmental impact of products, processes, or services at different stages in their life cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a liquid?

    <p>A state of matter where the atoms can move and flow but they cannot be compressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mass number?

    <p>The number of protons and neutrons in an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is melting point?

    <p>The point at which a solid turns into a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a metal?

    <p>On the left side of the periodic table, forms positive ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mixture?

    <p>Lots of different elements that may or may not be chemically bonded together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mole?

    <p>The molecular mass in grams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a molecular formula?

    <p>The chemical formula that shows the actual numbers of atoms in a particular molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are monomers?

    <p>Small reactive molecules that react together in a repeating sequence to form a very large molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is neutralization?

    <p>Mixing of an acid and an alkali to give a pH of 7.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a neutron?

    <p>Found in the nucleus of an atom, has no charge and a mass of one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a noble gas?

    <p>Unreactive gases found on the right of the periodic table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a non-metal?

    <p>On the right side of the periodic table, forms negative ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nucleus?

    <p>In the centre of an atom, contains the protons and neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are orders of magnitude?

    <p>A comparison of the size of values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ore?

    <p>Rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile to extract the metal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is oxidation?

    <p>Loss of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is percentage yield?

    <p>A way of determining how much yield you get from a reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the periodic table?

    <p>A way of sorting out the elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pH?

    <p>How acid or alkali a solution is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is phytomining?

    <p>Mining low yield ores using plants to retrieve elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pipette?

    <p>A glass tube used to measure accurate volumes of liquids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a polymer?

    <p>A substance made from very large molecules made up of many repeating units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is potable water?

    <p>Water that is safe to drink.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a product?

    <p>A substance made as a result of a chemical reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reactant?

    <p>A substance we start with before a chemical reaction takes place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reactivity series?

    <p>List of metals in order of reactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reduction?

    <p>Gain of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reversible reaction?

    <p>A reaction that can go in either direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a solid?

    <p>A state of matter where the atoms vibrate around a fixed position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is titration?

    <p>Method for determining the concentration of a solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines transition metals?

    <p>Group of metals that are in the middle of the periodic table, form colored compounds and can be used as catalysts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is viscosity?

    <p>How easily pourable something is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Chemical Terms

    • Acid: Low pH solution rich in hydrogen ions.
    • Activation Energy: Minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.
    • Alkali: High pH solution containing hydroxide ions.
    • Alkali Metals: Highly reactive metals located on the left of the periodic table.
    • Alkanes: Hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds.
    • Alkenes: Hydrocarbons with at least one double bond.
    • Alloy: A mixture of metals that creates distorted atomic layers, preventing sliding.
    • Anode: The positive electrode during electrolysis.
    • Aqueous Solution: A solution that dissolves a substance in water.
    • Atom: The basic unit of matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    • Atomic Number: Represents the number of protons in an atom.
    • Base: Metal oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates that react with acids to form salt.
    • Biodegradable: Materials able to decompose through microbial action.
    • Biofuel: Fuels produced from biological materials such as plants and animals.
    • Bioleaching: Using bacteria to extract metals from low-grade ores.
    • Blast Furnace: Industrial apparatus used to extract iron from its ore via complex chemical reactions.
    • Bromine Water: Test agent (orange liquid) for detecting double bonds in organic compounds.
    • Burette: Long glass tube with a tap for measuring liquid volumes.
    • Carbon Footprint: Quantifies carbon emissions from everyday activities.
    • Catalyst: A substance that accelerates a reaction without being consumed.
    • Cathode: The negative electrode in electrolysis.
    • Chromatography: Technique for separating dissolved substances via solvent movement on a medium.
    • Collision Theory: Explains reactions as collisions between particles with adequate energy.
    • Combustion: The process of burning a substance in the presence of oxygen.
    • Compound: A substance formed from two or more chemically bonded elements.
    • Covalent Bonding: The sharing of electron pairs between non-metals.
    • Cracking: Process of breaking down long hydrocarbon chains into shorter chains.
    • Crude Oil: Naturally occurring mixture of various-length hydrocarbons from decomposed organic matter.
    • Desalination: The process of removing salt from water.
    • Delocalised Electron: Electrons that are not tied to a single atom but are spread out across several atoms.
    • Dependent Variable: The variable measured in response to changes in the independent variable.
    • Diamond: A form of carbon with a tetrahedral lattice structure and four covalent bonds to each carbon atom.
    • Diffusion: The spontaneous mixing of molecules due to random particle movement.
    • Displacement Reaction: One element replaces another in a compound.
    • Distillation: Method to separate liquids based on boiling points via evaporation and condensation.
    • Electrolysis: The process of using electricity to separate compounds.
    • Electrolyte: A conductive liquid containing free ions used in electrolysis.
    • Electron: A negatively charged subatomic particle found in atomic shells, effectively massless.
    • Element: A basic substance made up of atoms with identical properties, found on the periodic table.
    • Endothermic Reaction: A chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings.
    • Equilibrium: The state in a reversible reaction where the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
    • Exothermic Reaction: A reaction that releases energy, typically as heat or light.
    • Fermentation: Biochemical process converting glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast enzymes.
    • Filtration: A physical separation technique to distinguish soluble and insoluble substances based on solubility.
    • Flammability: The likelihood of a substance igniting in the presence of fire.
    • Formulation: Specific combinations of different compounds designed for particular purposes.
    • Fractional Distillation: Technique for separating components of a mixture based on differing boiling points.
    • Gas: A state of matter where particles move freely and can be compressed.
    • Graphite: A form of carbon where each atom forms three bonds, resulting in layers that can slide.
    • Greenhouse Gas: Gases that trap heat (infrared radiation) in Earth's atmosphere.
    • Halogen: Highly reactive non-metals situated on the periodic table's right side.
    • Homologous Series: Groups of organic compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties.
    • Hydrocarbon: Compounds solely composed of carbon and hydrogen.
    • Incomplete Combustion: Occurs in insufficient oxygen, producing carbon monoxide, a toxic byproduct.
    • Intermolecular Forces: Attractive forces between molecules in a covalently bonded substance.
    • Ion: An atom that has gained or lost electrons, carrying a charge.
    • Ionic Bonding: The transfer of electrons from metals to non-metals, resulting in charged ions.
    • Isotope: Variants of elements with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons.
    • Law of Conservation of Energy: States that mass in a reaction remains constant; mass of products equals mass of reactants.
    • Life Cycle Assessment: An evaluation of environmental impacts of a product throughout its lifecycle.
    • Liquid: A state of matter where particles can move, flow, and are incompressible.
    • Mass Number: Total count of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
    • Melting Point: Temperature at which a solid transforms into a liquid.
    • Metal: Elements on the left side of the periodic table that typically lose electrons to form positive ions.
    • Mixture: A combination of different substances where each retains its own properties.
    • Mole: The quantity of substance equal to its molecular mass in grams.
    • Molecular Formula: Representation of the number and types of atoms in a molecule.
    • Monomers: Small, reactive molecules that join in sequences to form polymers.
    • Neutralisation: The reaction between an acid and an alkali producing a neutral solution (pH 7).
    • Neutron: Neutral particle located in an atom's nucleus, contributing to mass.
    • Noble Gas: Inert gases found on the right side of the periodic table, known for their lack of reactivity.
    • Non-metal: Elements on the right side of the periodic table that typically gain electrons to form negative ions.
    • Nucleus: Central part of the atom containing protons and neutrons.
    • Orders of Magnitude: Comparisons of the scale or size of different values.
    • Ore: Rock containing a significant amount of metal, making extraction economically viable.
    • Oxidation: The process of losing electrons.
    • Percentage Yield: A metric to express the efficiency of a reaction in terms of product yield.
    • Periodic Table: A systematic arrangement of all known chemical elements.
    • pH: A scale measuring how acidic or alkaline a solution is.
    • Phytomining: Technique for extracting metals from low-grade ores using plants.
    • Pipette: A laboratory tool used for measuring and transferring precise liquid volumes.
    • Polymer: Large molecules formed from many repeating smaller units (monomers).
    • Potable Water: Water deemed safe and suitable for drinking.
    • Product: Material produced as a result of a chemical reaction.
    • Reactant: Substance that undergoes a chemical change during a reaction.
    • Reactivity Series: An ordered list of metals based on their reactivity.
    • Reduction: The process of gaining electrons.
    • Reversible Reaction: A reaction that can proceed in both forward and backward directions.
    • Solid: A state of matter with fixed structure; particles vibrate around a fixed point.
    • Titration: A method to determine the concentration of a solution through controlled addition of a titrant.
    • Transition Metal: Elements in the middle of the periodic table; known for colored compounds and catalytic properties.
    • Viscosity: A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.

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    This quiz covers essential key terms for AQA GCSE Chemistry, helping students reinforce their understanding of core concepts. Familiarize yourself with terms like acid, alkali, and activation energy to excel in your studies and examinations.

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