Chemistry Chapter 2 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

How many neutrons do potassium-39 and potassium-40 have, respectively?

Potassium-39 has 20 neutrons. Potassium-40 has 21 neutrons.

Which of the following statements is true of a neutral magnesium atom?

  • It has 10 protons, 10 electrons, and 10 neutrons.
  • It has 12 protons, 12 electrons, and 12 neutrons. (correct)
  • It has 12 protons, 10 electrons, and 12 neutrons.
  • It has 14 protons, 12 electrons, and 12 neutrons.
  • Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond?

    Hydrogen bond

    An isotope of sodium (Na) has a mass number of 22. How many neutrons does it have?

    <p>11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is not true?

    <p>Water is the most abundant atom in Earth's atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using a pH meter, you find the pH of an unknown solution to be 8.0. How would you describe this solution?

    <p>Weakly basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how much of an increase in hydrogen ion concentration is there between tomato juice and lemon juice if lemon juice has a pH of 2.0 and tomato juice has a pH of 4.0?

    <p>100 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of a monosaccharide is ___________.

    <p>fructose, glucose, and galactose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellulose and starch are examples of ___________.

    <p>polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phospholipids are important components of ___________.

    <p>the plasma membrane of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The monomers that make up proteins are called ___________.

    <p>amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions necessary for cells?

    <p>They form weak associations between different molecules, providing structure and shape necessary for proteins and DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can some insects walk on water?

    <p>Because of the surface tension of water, which results from cohesion between water molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain why water is an excellent solvent.

    <p>Water molecules are polar, and they can surround and stabilize charged particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain at least three functions that lipids serve in plants and/or animals.

    <p>They store energy, provide insulation, and are important components of cell membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain what happens if even one amino acid is substituted for another in a polypeptide chain. Provide a specific example.

    <p>A change in gene sequence can lead to a different amino acid being added, affecting protein structure. For example, sickle cell anemia results from a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neutrons in Potassium Isotopes

    • Potassium-39 contains twenty neutrons.
    • Potassium-40 contains twenty-one neutrons.

    Neutral Magnesium Atom Characteristics

    • A neutral magnesium atom has 12 protons, 12 electrons, and 12 neutrons.

    Weak Chemical Bond

    • Hydrogen bonds represent a weak type of chemical bond.

    Neutrons in Sodium Isotope

    • An isotope of sodium with a mass number of 22 contains 11 neutrons.

    Misconception About Water in Atmosphere

    • Water is not the most abundant atom in Earth's atmosphere.

    pH Meter Reading

    • A solution with a pH of 8.0 is described as weakly basic.

    Hydrogen Ion Concentration in Juices

    • Lemon juice (pH 2.0) has a hydrogen ion concentration approximately 100 times greater than that of tomato juice (pH 4.0).

    Examples of Monosaccharides

    • Common monosaccharides include fructose, glucose, and galactose.

    Polysaccharide Examples

    • Cellulose and starch are classified as polysaccharides.

    Function of Phospholipids

    • Phospholipids are crucial components of the plasma membrane in cells.

    Protein Building Blocks

    • Amino acids serve as the monomers that compose proteins.

    Role of Hydrogen Bonds and Van der Waals Interactions

    • These weak interactions are essential for molecular associations, providing structural integrity to proteins and DNA, and contribute to the unique properties of water necessary for life.

    Insect locomotion on Water

    • Certain insects can walk on water due to surface tension, which arises from cohesion among water molecules at the liquid-air interface.

    Water as an Excellent Solvent

    • Water's polarity allows it to stabilize charged particles and prevent reassociation of ions, facilitating dissolution.

    Functions of Lipids

    • Lipids serve multiple roles including energy storage, insulation, and as essential components of cell membranes (phospholipids and steroids).

    Impact of Amino Acid Substitution on Polypeptides

    • Substituting even one amino acid can alter protein structure and function; for example, sickle cell anemia results from a single amino acid change in hemoglobin, leading to crescent-shaped red blood cells with serious health consequences.

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    Test your knowledge of important concepts from Chemistry Chapter 2 with these flashcards. Explore topics such as isotopes, atomic structure, and chemical bonds through various questions and answers. Enhance your understanding of the fundamental principles of chemistry.

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