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Questions and Answers
What is the systematic name for the compound with the formula Rb2O2?
What is the correct formula for vanadium(V) fluoride?
Which acid corresponds to the anion chlorate?
What is the systematic name of the compound Ti(NO3)4?
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What is the name for H2SO4 based on its anion?
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What identifies a substance as an isotope?
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Which best describes a covalent bond?
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What is the charge of a sodium ion after it loses an electron?
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Which of the following representations indicates the actual shape of a molecule?
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How many neutrons are present in an atom with an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19?
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What type of ion is formed when an atom gains an electron?
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Which of the following statements about ionic bonding is correct?
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Which of the following statements is true for a neutral atom?
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What is the correct formula for Sodium hydrogen carbonate?
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Which of the following compounds is named Phosphorus pentachloride?
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What is the correct formula for Sulfur trioxide?
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How is the second element named in a binary covalent compound?
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Which of these compounds has the formula CsClO4?
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What is the systematic name for the compound Na2SeO4?
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Which of the following is a common name for H2O?
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What prefix is used to indicate one atom of an element in a binary covalent compound?
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What information does the atomic number of an element provide?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding metals and nonmetals in terms of ion formation?
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What is the correct naming convention for binary ionic compounds?
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How is the charge on a metal ion indicated in Type II binary ionic compounds?
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Which ending is used for the oxyanion with fewer oxygen atoms in a series?
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What is the systematic name for the compound Na2CO3?
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What prefix is used to indicate that an oxyanion has fewer oxygen atoms than another related oxyanion?
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In which type of compounds are Roman numerals not used?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- Atoms are made up of a tiny, positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
- The nucleus contains protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge).
- In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
Isotopes
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- This means they have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
Molecules and Ions
- Chemical bonds are forces that hold atoms together in compounds.
- Covalent bonds are formed by atoms sharing electrons.
- A molecule is a collection of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
- Ionic bonds form when atoms transfer electrons, creating ions with opposite charges that attract each other.
- Cations are positively charged ions, and anions are negatively charged ions.
The Periodic Table
- Elements are organized by their atomic number on the periodic table.
- Elements in the same vertical column are in the same group or family and have similar properties.
- Elements in the same horizontal row are in the same period.
Naming Simple Compounds
- Binary compounds are composed of two elements.
- Ionic compounds are typically formed between a metal and a nonmetal.
- Covalent compounds are formed between two nonmetals.
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I)
- The metal is named first followed by the nonmetal, ending in "-ide".
- For example, NaCl is sodium chloride.
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)
- Some metals can form more than one type of ion.
- A Roman numeral is used to indicate the charge of the metal cation in the compound.
- For example, FeCl2 is iron(II) chloride and FeCl3 is iron(III) chloride.
Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
- Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that have an overall charge.
- To name ionic compounds with polyatomic ions, use the name of the polyatomic ion as it appears on the list of common polyatomic ions.
Naming Covalent Compounds (Type III)
- Prefixes are used to denote the numbers of atoms present.
- The first element in the formula is named first.
- The second element is named as if it were an anion.
- For example, CO is carbon monoxide, CO2 is carbon dioxide.
Acids
- Acids produce free H+ ions (protons) when dissolved in water.
- If the anion does not contain oxygen and the anion ends in "-ide", the acid is named with the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic.
- If the anion contains oxygen, the acid name ends in "-ic" for anions ending in "-ate" and "-ous" for anions ending in "-ite".
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Description
Test your understanding of atomic structure, isotopes, molecules, and ions. This quiz covers key concepts such as the composition of atoms, the nature of isotopes, and how chemical bonds form different types of substances. Dive deep into the periodic table and discover how elements are classified.
