Chemistry Chapter 2: Atoms and Bonds

<p>Hydrolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phospholipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buffer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store and transmit genetic information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A phosphate group is added to a molecule. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TAC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes are permanently changed during a reaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenine (A) - Thymine (T) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An electron shell is a specific energy level within an atom, while a valence shell is the outermost shell that contains electrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a relatively weak bond compared to covalent bonds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electrons are shared equally between the atoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a strong bond that can hold atoms together in a molecule. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To lower the activation energy needed for the reaction to start. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are generally soluble in water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Basic particles of matter: protons, neutrons, electrons.

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons.

A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Energy of motion, like moving objects.

Stored energy based on position, like a ball at the top of a hill.

A chemical reaction that breaks down molecules using water.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.

An electrolyte is a substance that produces ions when dissolved in water, conducting electricity.

Hydrophobic compounds repel water, while hydrophilic compounds attract or dissolve in water.

The pH of pure water is 7, considered neutral on the pH scale.

An acidic pH range is below 7, containing more H+ ions than OH- ions.

A basic (alkaline) pH range is above 7, containing more OH- ions than H+ ions.

A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added.

Monomers are single units that bond to form polymers, which are larger, complex molecules.

Glycogen is a polysaccharide, made of many glucose monomers, storing energy in animals.

The building blocks of proteins, containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Covalent bonds that join amino acids together to form proteins.

Proteins have four structural levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

Proteins that act as catalysts, accelerating chemical reactions without being changed.

Cofactors are non-protein molecules that assist enzymes in their activity.

Nucleotides are the basic subunits of DNA and RNA.

DNA stores genetic information and guides protein synthesis.

A chemical reaction that adds a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP.