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Chemistry Chapter 14 Acid Review
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Chemistry Chapter 14 Acid Review

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@SolicitousPelican7010

Questions and Answers

What reacts with a base to form salt and water?

  • Water
  • Acid (correct)
  • Base
  • Salt

    • What is a binary acid?

    An acid that contains only two different elements: hydrogen and one of the more electronegative elements.

    Name some examples of binary acids.

    Hydrofluoric, Hydrochloric, Hydrobromic, Hydriodic, Hydrosulfuric

    What are oxyacids?

    <p>An acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, usually a nonmetal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of bases?

    <p>Bitter, slippery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an Arrhenius acid do?

    <p>Increases hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an Arrhenius base do?

    <p>Increases OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of strong acids?

    <p>HI, HCl, HBr, H2SO4, HNO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a weak acid?

    <p>Transitional base, does not give up all its hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the strength of bases depend on?

    <p>The extent to which the base dissociates, or adds hydroxide ions to the solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

    <p>Proton donor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?

    <p>Proton acceptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction?

    <p>Protons are transferred from the acid to the base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a monoprotic acid?

    <p>An acid that donates 1 hydrogen ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a diprotic acid?

    <p>An acid that donates 2 hydrogen ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Lewis acid?

    <p>An atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Lewis base?

    <p>An atom, ion, or molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in a Lewis acid-base reaction?

    <p>Forms one or more covalent bonds between an electron-pair donor and an electron-pair acceptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conjugate base?

    <p>An acid gives up a proton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conjugate acid?

    <p>Gains a proton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are amphoteric compounds?

    <p>Can act as either an acid or base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are neutralization reactions?

    <p>When an acid and base form salt and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is neutralization?

    <p>Hydrogen and hydroxide are equal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is salt in terms of acids and bases?

    <p>Negative ion from acid forms a salt, positive ion from base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of HCl?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of H2S?

    <p>Hydrosulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of HNO3?

    <p>Nitric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for hydrofluoric acid?

    <p>HF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for hydriodic acid?

    <p>HI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the taste of acids?

    <p>Sour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is acetic acid found?

    <p>Lemons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas do acids release when they react with active metals?

    <p>Hydrogen gas (H2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do acids react with to produce salts and water?

    <p>Bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can aqueous solutions of acids do?

    <p>Carry electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the taste of bases?

    <p>Bitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a binary acid contain?

    <p>Hydrogen and one other element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a binary acid?

    <p>HBr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the name of a binary acid begin with?

    <p>The prefix hydro-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an oxyacid contain?

    <p>Oxygen, hydrogen, and one other element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compared with acids that have the suffix -ic, those with the suffix -ous contain?

    <p>Less oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An acid ending with the suffix -ic produces an anion with the?

    <p>Suffix -ate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is manufactured in the largest quantity?

    <p>Sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is used in batteries?

    <p>Sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is used to make fertilizers and detergents and is a flavoring agent in beverages?

    <p>Phosphoric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is used mainly in the manufacture of explosives, rubber, plastics, dyes, and drugs?

    <p>Nitric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is produced in the stomach?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is used to pickle metals, process food, and activate oil wells?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is found in vinegar?

    <p>Acetic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The traditional definition of acids is based on the observations of?

    <p>Arrhenius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an Arrhenius acid contain?

    <p>Hydrogen that ionizes to form hydrogen ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Arrhenius theorize about acids?

    <p>Increases the concentration of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Arrhenius theorize about bases?

    <p>Increases the concentration of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acids and Bases

    • Acids react with bases to form salt and water, releasing hydrogen ions (H+).
    • Binary acids consist of hydrogen and another electronegative element, e.g., Hydrochloric acid (HCl).
    • Common binary acids include Hydrofluoric, Hydrochloric, Hydrobromic, Hydriodic, and Hydrosulfuric.

    Types of Acids

    • Oxyacids contain hydrogen, oxygen, and another nonmetal element.
    • Strong acids include HI, HCl, HBr, H2SO4, and HNO3, known for complete ionization in solution.
    • Weak acids, such as transitional bases, do not fully dissociate, retaining some hydrogen.

    Acid and Base Strength

    • The strength of bases depends on their ability to dissociate and release hydroxide ions (OH-).
    • Bronsted-Lowry acids donate protons, while Bronsted-Lowry bases accept protons.
    • Lewis acids accept electron pairs, while Lewis bases donate electron pairs.

    Acid-Base Reactions

    • In Bronsted-Lowry reactions, protons transfer from acids to bases, forming conjugate bases and acids.
    • Neutralization reactions between acids and bases produce salt and water, occurring at equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide.

    Properties of Acids and Bases

    • Acids typically have a sour taste and many release hydrogen gas when reacting with active metals.
    • Aqueous solutions of acids can conduct electricity.
    • Bases have a bitter taste and feel slippery.

    Naming and Identifying Acids

    • Binary acids are identified by the prefix "hydro-"; oxyacids do not use this prefix.
    • Acid names with the suffix -ic correspond to anions with the suffix -ate, while those with -ous have fewer oxygen atoms.
    • Sulfuric acid is the most produced acid globally, while hydrochloric acid is used for pickling metals and in the stomach.

    Key Applications of Specific Acids

    • Sulfuric acid is used in batteries and the manufacture of explosives and fertilizers.
    • Phosphoric acid is utilized in food flavoring and detergent production.
    • Acetic acid, which gives vinegar its flavor, is found in many culinary uses.

    Historical Context

    • The Arrhenius theory established the definitions of acids and bases, focusing on ion concentration in aqueous solutions.
    • An Arrhenius acid is characterized by an increase in hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, while an Arrhenius base does the same for hydroxide ions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the definitions and characteristics of various acids with our Chemistry Chapter 14 review flashcards. This quiz covers binary acids, oxyacids, and examples of common acids. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of acid-base chemistry.

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