Chemistry Acids Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes binary acids from other types of acids?

They must have a hydroxyl group.

They consist of two elements, neither of which is oxygen. (correct)

They contain only one type of element.

They form from organic acids.

Which of the following acids is derived from a polyatomic ion ending in 'ite'?

Nitrous Acid (correct)

Acetic Acid

Hydrochloric Acid

Sulfuric Acid

Which property is characteristic of molecular compounds?

They typically have high boiling points.

They conduct electricity well.

They are usually gases or liquids at room temperature. (correct)

They are formed from ionic bonds.

What is the role of hydrogen ions in acids?

They are responsible for the acidity of the compound. Signup and view all the answers

What defines the molecular geometry of a compound?

The repulsion between electrons around a central atom. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about covalent bonding is true?

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms. Signup and view all the answers

In water, why do H-O bonds exhibit polarity?

Oxygen has higher electronegativity than hydrogen. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following acids has a molecular formula indicating it comes from a polyatomic ion with an 'ate' ending?

Nitric Acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond angle in a tetrahedral molecular shape?

109.5° Signup and view all the answers

Which naming system is used for covalent compounds?

Prefix naming system Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for CO2?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic property of molecular compounds?

Low melting and boiling points Signup and view all the answers

In covalent bonding, how do non-metals achieve a full valence shell?

By sharing electrons Signup and view all the answers

What prefix would you use for the compound with 4 atoms of an element?

Tetra Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the compound Si2S3?

Disilicon trisulfide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is named using the acid naming system?

H2SO4 Signup and view all the answers

What would be the correct name for Cl2O8?

Dichlorine octoxide Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best describes a polar covalent bond's effect?

It affects properties like freezing point. Signup and view all the answers

What is the prefix for 10 atoms in a compound?

Deca Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between ionic and covalent naming systems?

Ionic naming is based on charges, covalent is based on shared electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is correctly classified as covalent?

H2O Signup and view all the answers

For the compound H3PO4, what is its class?

Acid Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acids

Acids are covalent compounds that ionize in water.
They contain hydrogen ions (H⁺) that dissociate in water.
The general formula for an acid's ionization is: Acid → H⁺ + anion
Hydrogen ions are responsible for the acidic properties.

Binary Acids

Contain only two elements (no oxygen).
Names begin with "hydro" and end with "-ic" acid.
Example: HCl (Hydrochloric acid)

Tertiary Acids

Contain three or more elements, including oxygen.
Two types:
- "ic" acids: derived from polyatomic anions with "-ate" endings. Example: H₂SO₄ (Sulfuric acid), derived from the sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻).
- "ous" acids: derived from polyatomic anions with "-ite" endings. Example: H₂SO₃ (Sulfurous acid), derived from the sulfite ion (SO₃²⁻).

Important Examples of Acids

Nitric acid (HNO₃): derived from nitrate ion (NO₃⁻)
Nitrous acid (HNO₂): derived from nitrite ion (NO₂⁻)
Acetic acid (CH₃COOH or HC₂H₃O₂): derived from acetate ion (C₂H₃O₂⁻)
Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄): derived from phosphate ion (PO₄³⁻)
Phosphorous acid (H₃PO₃): derived from phosphite ion (PO₃³⁻)
Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃): derived from carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻)

Molecular Compounds

Made of two or more nonmetal elements.
Often exist as molecules.
Examples: H₂O, CO₂, H₂SO₄, CH₄

Properties of Molecular Compounds

Typically have low melting and boiling points.
Generally exist as liquids or gases at room temperature.
Atoms share electrons to achieve a full valence shell (no ions involved).

Covalent Bonding

Atoms share electrons to achieve a full valence shell.
The sharing of electrons forms the covalent bond.

Electronegativity

A measure of an element's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
Atoms of the same element share electrons equally (non-polar bonds).
Atoms of different elements share electrons unequally (polar bonds).
The element with higher electronegativity attracts electrons more strongly, creating partial charges in the bond.

Polar Bonds and Water

Water's polar O-H bonds contribute to its unique properties (e.g., expansion upon freezing, high boiling point).

Molecular Geometry

Electron pairs arrange themselves around a central atom to maximize distance.
The basic shape is a tetrahedron (central atom with 4 electron pairs).
Lone electron pairs affect the shape of molecules.

Naming Chemical Compounds

Ionic compounds: Metal-nonmetal (ide)
Ionic compounds: Metal-polyatomic ion
Ionic compounds: Transition metal (Roman numeral) nonmetal or polyatomic ion
Covalent compounds: Use prefix system (e.g., mono-, di-, tri-, etc.) to indicate the number of atoms of each element. Use "ide" ending for second element. Omit "mono-" if only one atom of the first element.
Acids: If starts with hydrogen, determine if it is a binary acid (hydro- + base name + -ic acid) or a ternary acid (base name + -ic or -ous acid depending on the anion ending with "-ate" or "-ite").

###Naming Covalent Compounds(Examples)

Cl₂O₈: Dichlorine octoxide
Si₃N₄: Trisilicon tetranitride
CO: Carbon monoxide

Distinguishing Between Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Use the rules and examples to identify whether a compound is ionic or covalent from its formula. Understand the differences in their structure and bonding to accurately classify.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the properties and types of acids. This quiz covers both binary and tertiary acids, as well as important examples and their formulas. Assess your understanding of acid ionization and nomenclature.