Questions and Answers
What is matter?
What is an element?
A substance that cannot be broken down by ordinary means; found in the periodic table.
What is a compound?
A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined.
What is a mixture?
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The two types of mixtures are __________ and __________.
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What is a solution?
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What is a solvent?
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What is a solute?
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What is solubility?
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What are the states or phases of matter?
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What is the boiling point?
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What are physical properties?
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What are physical changes?
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What are chemical properties?
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What are chemical changes?
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What is an atom?
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What is the nucleus?
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What is an ion?
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What are isotopes?
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What is radioactivity?
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What is atomic mass?
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What is radiation?
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What is atomic number?
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What is mass number?
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What is a chemical symbol?
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What is a period in the periodic table?
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What is a family/group in the periodic table?
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What are nonmetals?
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What is a metal?
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What are metalloids?
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What is ionization energy?
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What is electronegativity?
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What is reactivity?
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What are diatomic elements?
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What are elements?
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What are chemical formulas?
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Study Notes
Fundamental Chemistry Concepts
- Matter: Anything that possesses mass and occupies space.
- Element: A pure substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances; represented on the periodic table.
- Compound: A substance formed from two or more elements chemically bonded together, exhibiting different properties than the constituent elements.
- Mixture: A physical combination of different substances that retains individual properties and can be separated.
Types of Mixtures
- Homogeneous Mixture: Uniform composition throughout; also known as a solution.
- Heterogeneous Mixture: Non-uniform composition, visibly different substances or phases.
Solutions
- Solution: A specific type of homogeneous mixture comprising a solute (substance dissolved) and a solvent (substance in greater amount).
- Solvent: The component of a solution that is present in the largest quantity, commonly water, recognized as a universal solvent.
- Solute: The substance that is dissolved in the solvent.
- Solubility: The maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a specific volume of solvent at a particular temperature.
States of Matter
- Solid: Maintains a definite shape and volume.
- Liquid: Maintains a definite volume but adapts to the shape of the container.
- Gas: Lacks definite shape and volume, expands to fill its container.
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Boiling Point: The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the external pressure surrounding it.
- Physical Properties: Observable traits such as color, odor, density, and state.
- Physical Changes: Alterations that affect appearance but not chemical composition; examples include melting and freezing.
- Chemical Properties: Traits that determine how a substance interacts and reacts with other materials.
- Chemical Changes: Transformations resulting in alterations in chemical composition and properties.
Atomic Structure
- Atom: The smallest unit of an element, comprising protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Nucleus: The central part of an atom, housing protons and neutrons.
- Ion: An atom that has acquired a net electrical charge by losing or gaining electrons.
- Isotopes: Variants of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons.
- Radioactivity: The process of spontaneous decay in an atomic nucleus, releasing energy and particles.
Atomic Characteristics
- Atomic Mass: The average mass of an atom of an element, measured in atomic mass units (amu).
- Radiation: Energy emitted from decaying nuclei, including alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.
- Atomic Number: The total number of protons present in an atom of an element.
- Mass Number: Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus, specific to isotopes.
- Chemical Symbol: Notation used to represent elements in chemical formulas.
Periodic Table Organization
- Period: Horizontal rows on the periodic table indicating increasing atomic number.
- Family/Group: Vertical columns on the periodic table, sharing similar chemical properties.
Classification of Elements
- Nonmetals: Elements typically lacking luster, poor conductors of heat, located on the right of the periodic table's stair-step line.
- Metals: Shiny and good conductors of heat, situated to the left of the stair-step line.
- Metalloids: Elements exhibiting properties of both metals and nonmetals, found along the stair-step line.
Chemical Reactivity
- Ionization Energy: The energy needed to remove an electron from an atom.
- Electronegativity: The tendency of an atom to attract electrons when part of a compound.
- Reactivity: The likelihood of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction.
Special Groups of Elements
- Diatomic Elements: Elements that exist as molecules composed of two identical atoms; include hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, represented by a total of seven on the periodic table.
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Description
This quiz features fundamental terms in chemistry, perfect for reinforcing your understanding of basic concepts. With definitions for matter, elements, and compounds, you'll enhance your knowledge of chemical substances. Ideal for beginners and those looking to solidify their grasp on chemistry basics.