Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a hypothesis?
What is a hypothesis?
- An untestable claim
- An explanation of phenomena
- A testable statement (correct)
- A broad generalization
Which of the following defines a model?
Which of the following defines a model?
- A physical object only
- An untested theory
- A data collection strategy
- An explanation of how phenomena occur (correct)
What is a theory?
What is a theory?
A broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena.
What is a quantity?
What is a quantity?
What does SI stand for?
What does SI stand for?
What is weight?
What is weight?
What are derived units?
What are derived units?
What is volume?
What is volume?
What is density?
What is density?
What is a conversion factor?
What is a conversion factor?
What is accuracy?
What is accuracy?
What is precision?
What is precision?
What is percent error?
What is percent error?
What are significant figures?
What are significant figures?
What is scientific notation?
What is scientific notation?
What does 'directly proportional' mean?
What does 'directly proportional' mean?
What does 'inversely proportional' mean?
What does 'inversely proportional' mean?
What is the scientific method?
What is the scientific method?
The base units in the metric system include _______.
The base units in the metric system include _______.
How are derived units formed?
How are derived units formed?
What are examples of derived units?
What are examples of derived units?
How many base units are there in the metric system?
How many base units are there in the metric system?
What equation is used for density?
What equation is used for density?
What are possible units for density?
What are possible units for density?
What must all conversion factors equal?
What must all conversion factors equal?
What does 'milli-' mean?
What does 'milli-' mean?
What does 'centi-' mean?
What does 'centi-' mean?
What does 'kilo-' mean?
What does 'kilo-' mean?
What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
What is the equation for percent error?
What is the equation for percent error?
What is the rule for adding and subtracting significant figures?
What is the rule for adding and subtracting significant figures?
What is the rule for multiplying or dividing significant figures?
What is the rule for multiplying or dividing significant figures?
What is the general form of scientific notation?
What is the general form of scientific notation?
When moving the decimal in scientific notation, if the regular number gets bigger, what happens to the exponent?
When moving the decimal in scientific notation, if the regular number gets bigger, what happens to the exponent?
What is the rule for adding or subtracting with scientific notation?
What is the rule for adding or subtracting with scientific notation?
What is the rule for multiplying with scientific notation?
What is the rule for multiplying with scientific notation?
What is the rule for dividing with scientific notation?
What is the rule for dividing with scientific notation?
What is the final step of each scientific notation equation?
What is the final step of each scientific notation equation?
What equation shows a directly proportional relationship?
What equation shows a directly proportional relationship?
What would the graph of a directly proportional relationship look like?
What would the graph of a directly proportional relationship look like?
What equation shows an indirectly (inversely) proportional relationship?
What equation shows an indirectly (inversely) proportional relationship?
What would the graph of an indirectly proportional relationship look like?
What would the graph of an indirectly proportional relationship look like?
Study Notes
Key Terms in Chemistry Measurements and Calculations
- Hypothesis: A testable statement that can be investigated through experiments.
- Model: Represents an explanation of phenomena and the relationships between data or events, beyond just a physical object.
- Theory: A broad generalization that provides explanations for a collection of facts or observed phenomena.
- Quantity: Refers to an attribute that has magnitude, size, or amount.
- SI (Le Système International d'Unités): The international system of units used for scientific measurements.
- Weight: The measure of the gravitational force exerted on matter.
Units and Measurements
- Derived Units: Created from combinations of SI base units; examples include cubic centimeters (cm³).
- Volume: The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a substance.
- Density (D): Defined as mass (m) divided by volume (v); common units include grams per milliliter (g/mL) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³).
Measurement Accuracy and Precision
- Accuracy: Refers to how close measurements are to the accepted value of the quantity.
- Precision: Indicates the consistency and repeatability of a set of measurements.
- Percent Error: Calculated as (\frac{\text{Accepted Value} - \text{Experimental Value}}{\text{Accepted Value}} \times 100).
Significant Figures and Scientific Notation
- Significant Figures: Include all known digits plus one uncertain digit in a measurement.
- Scientific Notation: Represents numbers in the form (M \times 10^h), where (M) is between 1 and 10, and (h) is an integer.
- Rules for significant figures:
- Addition/Subtraction: The result should have the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the fewest decimal places.
- Multiplication/Division: The result must match the number of significant figures in the least precise measurement.
Conversion and Relationships
- Conversion Factor: A derived ratio that allows for conversion between different units, equaling 1.
- Directly Proportional: Two quantities where dividing one by the other yields a constant value; represented mathematically as (y = kx), resulting in a straight line on a graph.
- Inversely Proportional: Two quantities whose product is constant; mathematically represented as (xy = k), producing a hyperbola graph.
Scientific Method Steps
- Steps of the Scientific Method:
- Formulating a question.
- Gathering information.
- Stating a hypothesis.
- Conducting experiments.
- Recording and analyzing data.
- Drawing conclusions.
Base Units in the Metric System
- Base Units: There are seven fundamental base units, including:
- Meters (length)
- Kilograms (mass)
- Seconds (time)
- Kelvin (temperature)
- Moles (amount of substance)
Miscellaneous
- Derived Unit Formation: Created by multiplying or dividing standard units.
- Prefix Definitions:
- Milli-: Represents a factor of (1/1000).
- Centi-: Represents a factor of (1/100).
- Kilo-: Represents a factor of (1000).
- Final Scientific Notation Step: Ensure that the result is formatted correctly in scientific notation before concluding calculations.
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Description
Prepare for your Chemistry exam with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 2. Learn essential terms like hypothesis, model, theory, and quantity to reinforce your understanding of measurements and calculations in chemistry.
