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Questions and Answers
What distinguishes a homogenous mixture from a heterogenous mixture?
What distinguishes a homogenous mixture from a heterogenous mixture?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
Which statement about solids is correct?
Which statement about solids is correct?
What happens to the properties of a substance during a physical change?
What happens to the properties of a substance during a physical change?
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Which of the following statements best describes density?
Which of the following statements best describes density?
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What phase change occurs when water vapor condenses?
What phase change occurs when water vapor condenses?
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How are objects that have a density of less than 1 g/cc classified in water?
How are objects that have a density of less than 1 g/cc classified in water?
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Which of the following mixtures is categorized as heterogenous?
Which of the following mixtures is categorized as heterogenous?
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What is the location and charge of a neutron?
What is the location and charge of a neutron?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the atomic number?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the atomic number?
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Which group on the periodic table is referred to as the Alkali metals?
Which group on the periodic table is referred to as the Alkali metals?
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What type of bonding occurs when electrons are shared between atoms?
What type of bonding occurs when electrons are shared between atoms?
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What property distinguishes metals from nonmetals?
What property distinguishes metals from nonmetals?
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How does the oxidation number of an atom typically relate to its valence electrons?
How does the oxidation number of an atom typically relate to its valence electrons?
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What term is used to describe the combining of atoms of elements to form new substances?
What term is used to describe the combining of atoms of elements to form new substances?
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Which family/group on the periodic table includes elements like Fluorine and Chlorine?
Which family/group on the periodic table includes elements like Fluorine and Chlorine?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- An atom is a building block of matter.
- A proton is positively charged and located in the nucleus.
- A neutron has no charge and is also located in the nucleus.
- An electron is negatively charged and found in energy levels outside the nucleus.
- The atomic number identifies an element and equals the number of protons.
- The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.
Periodic Table
- Horizontal rows are called periods.
- Vertical columns are called groups or families.
- Metals are on the left side of the table.
- Nonmetals are on the right.
- Metalloids are along the zig-zag line.
- Elements in the same group have similar properties due to the same number of valence electrons.
Types of Bonds
- Chemical bonding occurs when atoms combine to form new substances.
- Ionic bonding involves a transfer of electrons.
- Metals bond with nonmetals through ionic bonding.
- A charged atom is called an ion.
- Covalent bonding occurs when electrons are shared between atoms.
- Nonmetals bond with nonmetals through covalent bonds.
States of Matter
- Solids have tightly packed molecules that vibrate slowly and have definite shape and volume.
- Liquids have molecules that are more spread out and moving faster than solids and have a definite volume but not a definite shape.
- Gases have molecules that are very spread out and moving very fast. They have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
Mixtures and Substances
- Pure substances are elements or compounds, for example, water and salt.
- Mixtures are formed when two or more substances combine.
- Homogenous mixtures have evenly distributed parts.
- Heterogenous mixtures have unevenly distributed parts.
Physical and Chemical Changes
- Physical changes alter the appearance but not the composition of a substance (ex, melting).
- Chemical changes form new substances with different properties (ex, burning).
- Phase changes are a type of physical change (ex, freezing).
Density
- Density is the mass per unit volume of a material.
- Density is a constant value for a substance.
- Density is calculated by dividing mass by volume.
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Description
Test your knowledge on atomic structure, the periodic table, and different types of chemical bonds. This quiz covers essential concepts including protons, neutrons, electrons, and bonding types. Perfect for students studying chemistry!
