Crude Oil Processing Quiz PDF

Crude Oil Processing Quiz Answers 1. Which process involves breaking down large petroleum molecules into smaller hydrocarbons primarily in the gasoline range? A. Fluidized catalytic cracking B. Cyclic fixed bed cracking C. Cracking D. Thermal cracking Answer: Cracking (C) Cracking is the process of...

Crude Oil Processing Quiz Answers 1. Which process involves breaking down large petroleum molecules into smaller hydrocarbons primarily in the gasoline range? A. Fluidized catalytic cracking B. Cyclic fixed bed cracking C. Cracking D. Thermal cracking Answer: Cracking (C) Cracking is the process of breaking down large petroleum molecules into smaller hydrocarbons primarily in the gasoline range. It can be performed both catalytically and non-catalytically. 2. What type of catalysts are denoted by ovals in the diagram? A. SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts B. Zeolite catalysts C. Base-metal catalysts D. Noble metal catalysts Answer: Noble metal catalysts (D) Ovals in the diagram denote noble metal catalysts. These catalysts play an important role in the cracking process. 3. What was the major design change in the cracking process practiced 5-6 decades ago? A. From a fluidized bed to a fixed bed B. From a fixed bed to a fluidized bed C. From a small tube to a large fluidized bed D. From a large fluidized bed to a small tube Answer: From a large fluidized bed to a small tube (D) The major design change in the cracking process practiced 5-6 decades ago was the shift from a large fluidized bed to a small tube. This design change improved the efficiency of the process. 4. Which technology is seen as suitable to use under-utilized or flared natural gas to produce premium quality diesel fuel? A. Synthesis Gas-to-Liquid (SGTL) technology B. Coal-to-Liquid (CTL) technology C. Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) technology D. Biomass-to-Liquid (BTL) technology Answer: Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) technology (C) Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) technology is seen as suitable to use under-utilized or flared natural gas to produce premium quality diesel fuel. 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 steps in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process? A. Separation and upgrading of products B. Production of syngas C. FTS (Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis) D. Syngas purification Answer: Production of syngas (B) The 4 steps in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process are: 1) Production of syngas, 2) Syngas purification, 3) FTS (Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis), and 4) Separation and upgrading of products. 6. Which reaction led to the invention of the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process? A. Co-catalyzed liquid HC synthesis B. Oxygenated hydrocarbon synthesis C. BASF reaction D. Sabatier reaction Answer: Co-catalyzed liquid HC synthesis (A) The Sabatier reaction led to the invention of BASF's Co-catalyzed liquid HC synthesis, which eventually led to the development of the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process. 7. Which type of cracking is indicated by high yields of ethylene? A. Polymerization B. Hydrocracking C. Catalytic cracking D. Thermal cracking Answer: Thermal cracking (D) High yields of ethylene indicate thermal cracking, while high yields of propylene indicate catalytic cracking. 8. Which catalyst deactivates the FCC catalyst? A. Polynuclear aromatic carbonium ions B. Cyclisation and aromatisation C. Coke and tar D. Polyarenes formation Answer: Coke and tar (C) Coke and tar formation deactivate the FCC catalyst. 9. What is the main product of methanol synthesis? A. Acetic acid B. Formaldehyde C. Methanol D. Chloromethanes Answer: Methanol (C) Methanol is the main product of methanol synthesis. 10. What is the composition of higher alcohols synthesized from natural gas via syngas? A. 10-15% methanol, 68-72% ethanol, 7-12% C3, 2-3% C4, 3-5% C5 B. 2-3% methanol, 10-15% ethanol, 3-5% C3, 7-12% C4, 68-72% C5 C. 3-5% methanol, 7-12% ethanol, 68-72% C3, 10-15% C4, 2-3% C5 D. 68-72% methanol, 10-15% ethanol, 3-5% C3, 2-3% C4, 7-12% C5 Answer: 68-72% methanol, 10-15% ethanol, 3-5% C3, 2-3% C4, 7-12% C5 (D) The composition of higher alcohols synthesized from natural gas via syngas is 68-72% methanol, 2-3% ethanol, 3-5% C3, 10-15% C4, and 7-12% C5 alcohols. 11. Which type of cracking process can be performed both catalytically and non-catalytically? A. Fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) B. Thermal cracking C. Continuous fluid-bed cracking D. Zeolite cracking Answer: Thermal cracking (B) Cracking can be performed both catalytically and non-catalytically. The catalysts can decrease the severity of reaction conditions, increases selectivity and yield of desired products. 12. What is the current catalyst used in the cracking process? A. Modern zeolite catalysts B. Base-metal catalysts C. SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts D. Noble metal catalysts Answer: Modern zeolite catalysts (A) The shift from SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts to modern zeolite catalysts enforced the redesign of the cracking process practiced 5-6 decades ago. 13. What is the main product obtained from cracking large petroleum molecules? A. Diesel fuel B. Gasoline C. High octane fuels D. Light over-cracked products Answer: Gasoline (B) Cracking is the breaking down of large petroleum molecules into smaller hydrocarbons, primarily in the gasoline range. 14. Which of the following is NOT one of the feedstocks that can be used in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process? A. Natural gas B. Crude oil C. Biomass D. Coal Answer: Crude oil (B) The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process can use natural gas, biomass, and coal as feedstocks to produce liquid hydrocarbons. 15. What is the main purpose of the syngas purification step in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process? A. To upgrade the quality of syngas B. To remove impurities from syngas C. To convert syngas into liquid hydrocarbons D. To separate and store the syngas Answer: To remove impurities from syngas (B) The syngas purification step in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process is performed to remove impurities from the syngas before it undergoes the F-T reaction. 16. Which catalysts are commonly used in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process? A. Severe condition catalysts B. Oxygenated catalysts C. BASF catalysts D. Co-Fe catalysts Answer: Co-Fe catalysts (D) Co-Fe catalysts are commonly used in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process to facilitate the conversion of syngas into liquid hydrocarbons. 17. Which of the following is true about the cracking reactions in FCC under industrial conditions? A. Aromatic hydrogenation and olefin polymerization go to a high extent B. The main cracking reactions are limited by equilibrium C. Isomerizations and dealkylation of aromatics go to a high extent D. Paraffin-olefin alkylation goes to a high extent Answer: Isomerizations and dealkylation of aromatics go to a high extent (C) The main cracking reactions are not limited by equilibrium under industrial conditions. Isomerizations, alkyl group rearrangement, and dealkylation of aromatics go to a moderate extent. 18. Which type of cracking is indicated by high yields of propylene? A. Neither thermal nor catalytic cracking B. Thermal cracking C. Catalytic cracking D. Both thermal and catalytic cracking Answer: Catalytic cracking (C) High yields of propylene indicate catalytic cracking, while high yields of ethylene indicate thermal cracking. 19. What is the significance of CO2 not being shown in the final equation of the methanol synthesis? A. CO2 is an inhibitor for the reaction B. CO2 is not involved in the reaction C. CO2 is a catalyst for the reaction D. CO2 is a byproduct of the reaction Answer: CO2 is an inhibitor for the reaction (A) The absence of CO2 in the final equation of the methanol synthesis indicates that CO2 acts as an inhibitor for the reaction. 20. What is the primary use of methanol in the chemical industry? A. Production of formaldehyde B. Production of acetic acid C. Production of chloromethanes D. Production of amines Answer: Production of formaldehyde (A) Methanol is primarily used as a raw material for the production of formaldehyde. 21. Which catalyst is primarily used in the cracking process practiced 5-6 decades ago? A. Zeolite catalysts B. Base-metal catalysts C. Noble metal catalysts D. SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts Answer: SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts (D) Innovative shift from SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts to modern zeolite catalysts enforced the redesign of cracking process practiced 5-6 decades ago. 22. What is the main purpose of the fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process? A. To break down large petroleum molecules into smaller hydrocarbons B. To increase the severity of reaction conditions C. To decrease the selectivity and yield of desired products D. To convert gas oil into gasoline Answer: To convert gas oil into gasoline (D) FCC is used to convert gas oil into gasoline by breaking down large petroleum molecules into smaller hydrocarbons primarily in the gasoline range. 23. What is the significance of ZSM-5 in the fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process? A. It is a catalyst used to decrease the severity of reaction conditions B. It is a catalyst used to convert gas oil into gasoline C. It is a catalyst used to break down large petroleum molecules D. It is a catalyst used to increase the selectivity of desired products Answer: It is a catalyst used to increase the selectivity of desired products (D) ZSM-5 is a zeolite catalyst used in the FCC process to increase the selectivity and yield of desired products. 24. Which of the following is NOT a typical reaction in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC)? A. Isomerizations B. Alkyl group rearrangement C. Olefin polymerization D. Aromatic hydrogenation Answer: Aromatic hydrogenation (D) The typical reactions in FCC include isomerizations, alkyl group rearrangement, dealkylation of aromatics, and olefin polymerization (except ethylene polymerization). Aromatic hydrogenation is not a typical reaction in FCC. 25. What is the main cause of FCC catalyst deactivation? A. Coke and tar formation B. Cyclisation and aromatisation C. Polynuclear aromatic carbonium ions D. Polyarenes formation Answer: Coke and tar formation (A) The stability of polynuclear aromatic carbonium ions leads to cyclisation, aromatisation, and polyarenes formation, which can eventually result in coke and tar formation, leading to FCC catalyst deactivation. 26. What are the reactor variables in a two-stage Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process? A. Low temperature and short residence time B. High temperature and short residence time C. Low temperature and long residence time D. High temperature and long residence time Answer: Low temperature and short residence time (A) In a two-stage FCC process, the first stage (riser reactor) operates at high temperature and short residence time, while the second stage (fluidised bed reactor) operates at low temperature and long residence time. 27. What is the main advantage of the ICI process for methanol production? A. Larger capacity, single train converter designs B. Reduced compression power C. Increased productivity D. Longer catalyst life Answer: Larger capacity, single train converter designs (A) The ICI process for methanol production offers advantages such as reduced compression power, longer catalyst life, and larger capacity with single train converter designs, resulting in increased productivity. 28. Which of the following feedstocks can be used in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process? A. Natural gas (NG) B. Petroleum coke C. Crude oil D. Ethanol Answer: Natural gas (NG) (A) The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process can use natural gas (NG) as one of the feedstocks. Other feedstocks can include coal and biomass. 29. What is the significance of the Sabatier reaction in the development of the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process? A. It invented oxygenated hydrocarbon synthesis B. It perfected the presently known F-T synthesis process C. It led to BASF's Co-catalyzed liquid HC synthesis D. It was the first step in the F-T synthesis process Answer: It led to BASF's Co-catalyzed liquid HC synthesis (C) The Sabatier reaction led to BASF's Co-catalyzed liquid HC synthesis at severe conditions, which was a significant step in the development of the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process. 30. What are the 4 steps involved in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process? A. Production of syngas, Syngas purification, FTS, Separation and upgrading of products B. Production of natural gas (NG), NG purification, FTS, Separation and upgrading of products C. Production of biomass, Biomass purification, FTS, Separation and upgrading of products D. Production of coal, Coal purification, FTS, Separation and upgrading of products Answer: Production of syngas, Syngas purification, FTS, Separation and upgrading of products (A) The 4 steps involved in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process are: 1) Production of syngas, 2) Syngas purification, 3) FTS, and 4) Separation and upgrading of products.