60 Questions
Which of the following factors does NOT influence the percentage of body fluid?
Gender
What is the approximate percentage of body fluid in infants?
Between 65% and 75%
Which of the following body tissues has the highest percentage of water?
Skeletal muscle
Which of the following is NOT a specific extracellular fluid?
Serous fluids within body cavity
According to the text, if you have an increase in muscle mass as a result of weight training, will your percentage of body fluid increase, decrease, or stay the same?
Stay the same
Which ions are more prevalent in the intracellular fluid according to the text?
Potassium ions
What is the major distinction in the chemical composition of blood plasma and interstitial fluid according to the text?
Blood plasma contains more proteins
When you are dehydrated, is the net movement of fluid from the blood plasma into the cells or from the cells into the blood plasma according to the text?
From the cells into the blood plasma
What is the most important electrolyte in determining blood plasma osmolarity and regulating fluid balance?
Sodium
Which electrolyte is the most abundant in bone and teeth?
Calcium
What is the primary cation in the intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Potassium
Which electrolyte is the most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Chloride
Which of the following is NOT one of the three most important chemical buffering systems?
Carbonic acid
What is the main function of the protein buffering system?
To minimize pH changes throughout the body
Which of the following is the weak base in the phosphate buffering system?
Hydrogen phosphate (HPO42–)
What is the limitation of the buffering capacity?
The amount of acid or base that the chemical buffering systems can buffer
Which of the following is true about fluid sequestration?
Total body fluid is normal and distributed abnormally
Which of the following is NOT a relationship between blood volume, blood pressure, and blood plasma osmolarity?
Fluid intake increases blood pressure
What stimuli activate the thirst center?
Decreased blood volume and blood pressure
Which hormone increases urine output?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Which of the following is a primary effect of angiotensin II?
Increased fluid retention
How is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) released from the posterior pituitary?
By stimulation from angiotensin II
What are the three actions of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Decreased blood pressure, decreased urine production, increased fluid retention
How do the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) differ from the effects of angiotensin II, ADH, and aldosterone?
ANP decreases blood volume, while the others increase blood volume
Which of the following is a possible cause of respiratory acidosis?
Decreased airflow due to bronchitis
Which of the following is a possible cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Hypoxia
What is the normal range for PCO2 in respiratory alkalosis?
Below 35 mm Hg
Which of the following is a possible cause of metabolic acidosis?
Increased production of metabolic acids
What is the normal range for HCO3- in metabolic acidosis?
Above 22 mEq/L
Which group is particularly susceptible to metabolic acidosis?
Infants
Which of the following factors does NOT influence the percentage of body fluid?
Gender
What is the approximate percentage of body fluid in elderly individuals?
60%
Which of the following body tissues has the highest percentage of water?
Skeletal muscle
What is the primary cation in the intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Potassium (K+)
Which of the following is NOT a chemical buffering system mentioned in the text?
Carbonic Acid
What is the main function of the phosphate buffering system?
To buffer metabolic acid produced by cells
Which of the following is the weak acid in the protein buffering system?
Carboxylic acid
What is the most important buffering system in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Bicarbonate buffering system
Which of the following is a primary effect of angiotensin II?
Increased blood volume
What is the main function of the protein buffering system?
To regulate blood pH
What is the normal range for PCO2 in respiratory alkalosis?
20-30 mmHg
What is the approximate percentage of body fluid in infants?
85-90%
Which category of fluid imbalance occurs when isotonic fluid loss is greater than isotonic fluid gain?
Volume depletion
What is the term for water gain or retention that is greater than solute gain or retention?
Hypotonic hydration
Which hormone is involved in regulating fluid output and is responsible for facultative water loss in the kidney nephrons?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which category of fluid imbalance occurs when water loss is greater than loss of solutes, resulting in water shifting from cells into interstitial fluid and blood plasma?
Dehydration
Which of the following electrolytes is the most abundant in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Sodium ion (Na+)
What is the primary cation in the intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Potassium ion (K+)
Which of the following electrolytes is the most abundant in bone and teeth?
Calcium ion (Ca2+)
What is the most common type of electrolyte imbalance?
Hypernatremia
Which of the following is true about electrolytes?
Electrolytes conduct electrical current when dissolved
What is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Sodium ion (Na+)
What is the normal concentration range of sodium ion (Na+) in the body?
135-145 mEq/L
Which of the following hormones decreases urine output to increase blood volume and pressure?
Angiotensin II
Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of respiratory acidosis?
Increased breathing rate/depth
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Severe anxiety
What is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis?
Increased production of metabolic acids
Which group is particularly susceptible to metabolic acidosis?
Infants
What is the most important electrolyte in determining blood plasma osmolarity?
Sodium (Na+)
Which of the following is a possible cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Severe anxiety
Test your knowledge on chemical buffering systems with this quiz! Learn about how these systems act to prevent pH changes, the types of molecules involved, and their ability to bind and release H+. Discover the composition of weak bases and acids in buffering systems and their temporary nature. Find out more about the important role these systems play in maintaining pH balance.
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