Gr 11 Physical Sciences: Ch 3 Sum Atomic combinations
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the scientist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 for his work on the nature of bonds between atoms in molecules?

  • Pauling (correct)
  • Einstein
  • Rutherford
  • Newton

    • What is the range of electronegativity values for elements (except noble gases)?

  • Between 0 and 4 (correct)
  • Between 1 and 5
  • Between 2 and 6
  • Between 0 and 10

    • What type of bond is formed when the electronegativity difference between two atoms is greater than 2.1?

  • Strong Polar Covalent Bond
  • Non-Polar Covalent Bond
  • Weak Polar Covalent Bond
  • Ionic Bond (correct)

    • What is the term for the type of bond that occurs between two identical non-metal atoms, resulting in equal sharing of the electron pair?

    <p>Non-Polar Covalent Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the molecular polarity of a molecule?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between polar and non-polar molecules?

    <p>Distribution of charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance between the nuclei of two adjacent atoms when they form a bond?

    <p>Bond length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the energy required to break a bond between two atoms?

    <p>Bond energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do polar molecules tend to have higher melting and boiling points compared to non-polar molecules?

    <p>Due to stronger intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for how strongly one atom is held to another in a chemical bond?

    <p>Bond strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the VSEPR theory?

    <p>To predict the shape of a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the geometry of a molecule according to the VSEPR theory?

    <p>The repulsion among electron pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

    <p>Trigonal Pyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of electronegativity in chemistry?

    <p>It influences the polarity of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduced the concept of electronegativity?

    <p>Linus Pauling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

    <p>Bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for a molecule with a trigonal pyramidal shape?

    <p>AX₃E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

    <p>Tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the shape of a molecule?

    <p>It influences properties such as boiling point and melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visual representation of a lone pair in a molecule?

    <p>Green ball</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do atoms form bonds?

    <p>To achieve a more stable electron configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force that determines whether a bond will form?

    <p>The interaction of all three primary forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Lewis Diagrams?

    <p>To represent the valence electrons around an atom's chemical symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms?

    <p>Single Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines how molecules interact and react with other molecules?

    <p>The molecular shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the arrangement of electrons in different energy levels?

    <p>Spectroscopic Notation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when both electrons in the bond come from the same atom?

    <p>Coordinate Covalent Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of electrons in the outermost orbitals overlapping?

    <p>The formation of a covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical relationship between bond length and bond strength?

    <p>Shorter bond lengths correspond to stronger bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does not influence bond strength?

    <p>Electronegativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when atoms approach each other and attractive forces dominate?

    <p>Energy decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum energy point in bond formation?

    <p>The point where attractive and repulsive forces balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by the bond energy on a graph of energy changes?

    <p>The energy difference between the bonded state and the state where atoms are far apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are bond lengths typically measured in molecules?

    <p>Between each pair of bonded atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of bond lengths in carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

    <p>Consistent bond lengths due to identical bonding environments around the carbon atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if atoms are pushed closer together than the bond length?

    <p>Repulsive forces dominate, and energy increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why atoms form bonds?

    <p>To achieve a more stable electron configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the overlap of electrons in the outermost orbitals?

    <p>Formation of a covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of covalent bond where pairs of electrons are shared between atoms?

    <p>Normal covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a bond will form between two atoms?

    <p>The interaction of the repulsive and attractive forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Lewis Diagrams in chemistry?

    <p>To visualize the valence electrons around an atom's chemical symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms?

    <p>Triple bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines how molecules interact and react with other molecules?

    <p>The molecular shape of the molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of covalent bond where both electrons in the bond come from the same atom?

    <p>Coordinate covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the VSEPR theory?

    <p>To predict the shape of a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the geometry of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

    <p>Bent or Angular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules would have a trigonal pyramidal shape?

    <p>NH₃</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between electronegativity values of 0 and 4?

    <p>The atom is more likely to attract electrons strongly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is characterized by a complete transfer of electrons?

    <p>Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for a molecule with a trigonal pyramidal shape?

    <p>AX₃E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the polarity of a molecule?

    <p>Electronegativity differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of electronegativity in chemistry?

    <p>It influences the polarity of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by the green balls in a 3D visualization of a molecule?

    <p>Lone pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between bond energy and bond strength?

    <p>Bond energy is directly proportional to bond strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the basic geometry of a molecule according to the VSEPR theory?

    <p>The total number of electron pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor contributing to the strength of a bond?

    <p>Bond length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecule tends to have a higher melting point?

    <p>Polar molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

    <p>Tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction of repulsive force between electrons, attractive force between nucleus and electrons, and repulsive force between nuclei?

    <p>Decrease in energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the solubility of a molecule in different solvents?

    <p>Molecular polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drawing a Lewis Diagram?

    <p>To show the arrangement of valence electrons around the central atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy difference between the bonded state and the state where atoms are far apart?

    <p>Bond energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of atoms forming bonds with each other?

    <p>A decrease in energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of bond lengths in carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

    <p>Consistent bond lengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating electronegativity differences between atoms?

    <p>To determine the type of bond formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the properties of a molecule such as boiling point and melting point?

    <p>The shape of the molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the point where the bond forms, representing the bond length and bond energy?

    <p>Minimum energy point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a molecule with no net dipole moment?

    <p>It is non-polar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that dominates when atoms move closer than the bond length?

    <p>Repulsive force between nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between bond length and bond strength?

    <p>A shorter bond length indicates a stronger bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the attractive force between nucleus and electrons dominating?

    <p>Decrease in energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the graph of energy changes as atoms approach each other typically showing?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the type of bond formed between two atoms?

    <p>Electronegativity difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is characterized by an unequal sharing of electrons?

    <p>Polar covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between polar and non-polar molecules?

    <p>Distribution of charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules would have a non-polar covalent bond?

    <p>Cl₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the overlap of electrons in the outermost orbitals?

    <p>Formation of a bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the solubility of a molecule in a particular solvent?

    <p>Molecular polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for shorter bond lengths resulting in stronger bonds?

    <p>Atoms are closer together, leading to stronger attractive forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of ionic bonds?

    <p>Complete transfer of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the electronegativity difference between two atoms?

    <p>To determine the type of bond formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction of the three main forces when atoms approach each other?

    <p>The system's energy initially decreases, then increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by the bond energy on a graph of energy changes?

    <p>The energy required to break the bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of polar molecules?

    <p>Uneven distribution of charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between bond strength and bond energy?

    <p>Higher bond strength corresponds to higher bond energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of bond lengths in carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

    <p>The bond lengths are the same for each C=O bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if atoms are pushed closer together than the bond length?

    <p>The repulsive forces between electrons and nucleus dominate, increasing the system's energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the number of bonds and the attractive force?

    <p>Multiple bonds are stronger than single bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of smaller atoms on bond strength?

    <p>Smaller atoms form stronger bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the point where the bond forms and the bond length is established?

    <p>Minimum energy point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why atoms form bonds?

    <p>To achieve a more stable electron configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the overlap of electrons in the outermost orbitals?

    <p>Formation of a covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the shape of a molecule?

    <p>The type of covalent bonds formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Lewis Diagrams in chemistry?

    <p>To represent the valence electrons around an atom's chemical symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the arrangement of electrons in different energy levels?

    <p>Spectroscopic notation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of covalent bond where both electrons in the bond come from the same atom?

    <p>Coordinate covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a bond will form between two atoms?

    <p>The interaction of repulsive and attractive forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of molecular shape?

    <p>It determines how molecules interact and react with other molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the shape of a molecule?

    <p>The number of electron pairs around the central atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drawing a Lewis diagram?

    <p>To show the arrangement of valence electrons around a central atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the geometry of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

    <p>Trigonal Planar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of electronegativity on the properties of a molecule?

    <p>It increases the boiling point and melting point of a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visual representation of a central atom in a molecule?

    <p>Red ball</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of understanding molecular shape?

    <p>It determines the properties of a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of electronegativity?

    <p>The ability of an atom to attract electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the VSEPR theory?

    <p>To determine the molecular shape of a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of electron pairs repelling each other in a molecule?

    <p>The determination of the molecular shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of understanding electronegativity in chemistry?

    <p>It is crucial in understanding the behavior of molecules in chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why atoms form bonds with other atoms?

    <p>To achieve a more stable electron configuration similar to the noble gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the overlap of electrons in the outermost orbitals between two atoms?

    <p>A formation of a covalent bond, resulting in a filled outer energy shell for the bonding atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a bond will form between two atoms?

    <p>The interaction of the repulsive and attractive forces between the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Lewis Diagrams in chemistry?

    <p>To use dots or crosses to represent the valence electrons around an atom's chemical symbol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of covalent bond where pairs of electrons are shared between atoms?

    <p>Covalent Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines how molecules interact and react with other molecules?

    <p>The molecular shape of the molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of electrons in the outermost orbitals overlapping between two atoms?

    <p>A formation of a covalent bond, resulting in a filled outer energy shell for the bonding atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed when both electrons in the bond come from the same atom?

    <p>Coordinate (Dative) Covalent Bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the overall polarity of a molecule?

    <p>The electronegativity difference between the atoms in a bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a high electronegativity difference between two atoms in a bond?

    <p>The formation of an ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a symmetrical molecule shape on its polarity?

    <p>It cancels out any dipole moments, resulting in a non-polar molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between bond length and bond energy?

    <p>A shorter bond length corresponds to a higher bond energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the solubility of a molecule in a solvent?

    <p>The polarity of the molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the overlap of electrons in the outermost orbitals of two atoms?

    <p>The formation of a covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the VSEPR theory in chemistry?

    <p>To predict the shape of a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a molecule with a trigonal pyramidal shape?

    <p>It has three bonding pairs and one lone pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a high bond energy on the physical properties of a molecule?

    <p>It results in a higher melting and boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the strength of a bond between two atoms?

    <p>The bond energy of the molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the arrangement of valence electron pairs around a central atom in a molecule?

    <p>To minimize the repulsion between bonding and non-bonding electron pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a molecule with 5 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

    <p>Octahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using Lewis Diagrams in chemistry?

    <p>To visualize the arrangement of valence electrons around the central atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of electronegativity on the properties of a molecule?

    <p>It affects the polarity of a molecule, influencing its properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the overlap of electrons in the outermost orbitals of two atoms?

    <p>Formation of a covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for a molecule with a trigonal planar shape?

    <p>AX₃</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force that determines whether a bond will form between two atoms?

    <p>Electrostatic attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visual representation of a bonding pair in a molecule?

    <p>Lines or dashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself?

    <p>Electronegativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the shape of a molecule in determining its properties?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the formation of stronger bonds in smaller atoms?

    <p>The electrons are closer to the nucleus, increasing the attractive force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction of the three main forces acting when atoms approach each other?

    <p>The attractive force between nucleus and electrons dominates, resulting in bond formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the minimum energy point in bond formation?

    <p>It is the point where the attractive and repulsive forces balance, resulting in bond formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of bond lengths in carbon dioxide (CO₂) molecules?

    <p>The bond lengths are consistent due to identical bonding environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of pushing atoms closer together than the bond length?

    <p>The repulsive force between nuclei dominates, resulting in an increase in the system's energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy difference between the bonded state and the state where atoms are far apart?

    <p>Bond energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the decrease in energy as atoms approach each other?

    <p>The attractive force between nucleus and electrons dominates, resulting in a decrease in energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the graphical representation of the energy changes as atoms approach each other?

    <p>A graph with a minimum energy point, followed by an increase in energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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