Chemical Bonding and Compound Classification

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Questions and Answers

What type of bond results when electrons are transferred and ions form?

Ionic bond

How are covalent bonds formed?

When electrons are 'shared' and molecules form.

How are compounds classified as either ionic or molecular (covalent)?

On the basis of the bonds present in them.

What type of elements react to form ionic compounds?

Elements that readily lose electrons (metals) and gain electrons (nonmetals). Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of an ionic compound formed by the transfer of electrons.

NaCl (sodium chloride). Signup and view all the answers

What are the common charges of sodium and chloride ions in the compound NaCl?

Na+ (sodium cation) and Cl- (chloride anion). Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for acetic acid?

CH3COOH Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for hydrazoic acid?

HN3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for ammonium?

NH4+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for sulfate?

SO4^2- Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for bicarbonate?

HCO3- Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for chromate?

CrO4^2- Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of compounds discussed in this section?

Ionic and molecular (covalent) compounds Signup and view all the answers

What determines the chemistry of elements in terms of electron behavior?

Transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms Signup and view all the answers

What are the electrically charged particles formed when atoms gain or lose electrons?

Ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a sodium atom and a sodium cation?

A sodium cation has lost an electron, becoming positively charged. Signup and view all the answers

How can the periodic table help predict whether an atom will form an anion or a cation?

By determining the tendency of atoms to lose or gain electrons based on their location Signup and view all the answers

What happens to atoms of many main-group metals in terms of electron loss?

They lose enough electrons to have the same number as the preceding noble gas. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The text discusses common polyatomic ions and their related acid formulas, such as nitrate with nitric acid (HNO3) and carbonate with carbonic acid (H2CO3).
It explains the naming system for polyatomic ions using suffixes like -ate and -ite, as well as prefixes like per- and hypo- to indicate the number of oxygen atoms in the ion.
In chemical bonding, electrons can be transferred or shared between atoms, leading to the formation of ions when electrons are gained or lost.
Ionic compounds are formed when a metal reacts with a nonmetal, resulting in the transfer of electrons and the formation of ions stabilized by ionic bonds.
Covalent compounds are formed when electrons are shared between atoms, creating covalent bonds based on the attractive forces between nuclei and shared electrons.

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Description

Learn about ionic and covalent bonds, which are formed through electron transfer and sharing, respectively. Understand how compounds are classified based on their bonding characteristics.