Chemical and Physical Properties Quiz

Indicates how a substance reacts with something else, matter will be changed into a new substance after the reaction.

<p>Salt water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Composed of a uniform composition of particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substance in which another substance is dissolved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Used to separate liquids from solids that have settled; carefully pour off the liquid to leave solids behind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Used to separate a liquid from a solid; solid remains in the filter paper and the liquid goes through the paper into the beaker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prescribed decimal place that determines the amount of rounding off to be done based on the precision of the measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>All nonzero digits are significant. 2. Zeros between nonzero digits are significant. 3. Zeros that are to the right of the decimal and to the right of a nonzero digit are significant.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Round to the least number of decimal places.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Round to the least number of significant figures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Write the given (number and unit from the equation). 2. Draw a conversion factor and write units where they belong. 3. Fill in equivalence ratios. 4. Cross off units. 5. Solve.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the number is positive, the decimal moves to the RIGHT. If the number is negative, the decimal moves to the LEFT.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass - g, length - m, volume - L, time - s, temperature - K.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>kilo (1000), hecto (100), deca (10), Base unit (1), deci (.1), centi (.01), milli (.001).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Density = mass/volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Percent error = |Theoretical - Experimental|/Theoretical x 100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How close a group of measurements are to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A subatomic particle that has a negative charge and found outside the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small, dense central portion of the atom that is made up of protons and neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass number/atomic number Element (22/10 Ne)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Used cathode ray to see how magnet field affected rays; passing an electric current makes a beam appear to move from the negative to the positive end, moving pieces are negative. Negative side of magnet repelled and positive side attracted. Concluded that atoms contain subatomic particles meaning they are divisible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thought mass was evenly distributed in the atom. Shot a beam at gold foil; most alpha particles went through, while some deflected, and others bounced back. Determined that the atom is mostly empty space and the mass is in the middle, the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural model in which an electron moves around the nucleus only in circular orbits, each with a specific allowed radius; the orbiting electron does not normally emit electromagnetic radiation, but does so when changing from one orbit to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surround the nucleus and contain electrons (nucleus - protons and neutrons, 1st level - 2 electrons, 2nd level - 8 electrons, 3rd level - 8 electrons).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total transfer of energy from a photon to the atoms of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lowest energy state of an atom; gives off energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A state in which an atom has higher potential energy than it has in its ground state; absorbed energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Violet</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How many wave peaks pass a certain point per given time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.00 x 10^8 m/s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Based on probability of finding electrons within certain regions of space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regions around the nucleus in which a given electron or electron pair is likely to be found.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>s shell: roughly spherical, can hold 2 electrons per energy level p shell: like a snowman's bottom half, can hold 6 electrons per energy level d shell: long balloons connected at the center, can hold 10 electrons per energy level f shell: similar to d-shell, only more complicated, can hold 14 electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ex: Chlorine 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5= [Ne] 3s^2 3p^5</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elements on the modern periodic table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. John Newlands: arranged elements according to physical and chemical properties, and in order of increasing atomic mass; created the law of octaves which is all elements in a given row had similar properties and this pattern repeated every eight elements. Dmitri Mendeleev: Organized the known 63 elements in vertical columns according to properties; found two interesting things with this 1. Gaps 2. Elements did not necessarily fit according to atomic mass. Henry Moseley: spectral lines correlated to atomic number; led to current organization of the PT according to increasing atomic number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reacts with almost everything. Has one valence electron. Ends in <strong>s1</strong>. Col. 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soft, highly reactive, combine with most nonmetals, 1 valence electron, low density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shiny solids, harder, less reactive and higher melting point than alkali metals, not found in nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less reactive then groups 1 and 2, good conductors of heat and electricity, ductile and malleable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Full outer shell, very stable, low reactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are shiny and are similar to the alkaline earth metals in terms of reactiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diagram showing the number of valence electrons as paired and unpaired dots around an element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metals make up 3/4 of elements, mostly shiny at room temp, conduct heat and electricity, malleable, ductile. Nonmetals are gases, brittle solids at room temp, poor conductors of heat and electricity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force of attraction between positive and negative charges, distance changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases down a group, decreases across a period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases from top to bottom in a group; increases from left to right in a period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases from top to bottom in a group; increases from left to right in a period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms gain or lose electrons to obtain 8 in the outer shell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another, metal and nonmetal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids at room temperature, Giant ionic lattice = huge continuous regular structure, Do not conduct electricity when solids, Conduct electricity when liquid state, Ions can carry a charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low melting point, low boiling point, never conducts electricity, nonmetals, similar electronegativity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malleability, ductility, hardness, high electrical conductivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 3-dimensional geometric arrangement of the atoms or molecules or ions composing a crystal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of the energy contained in the crystal lattice of a compound, equal to the energy that would be released if the component ions were formed/broken.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reach a stable arrangement of valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ionic compound composed of three different elements, typically involving one type of cation and one type of anion, where at least one of these ions is a polyatomic ion, meaning it consists of multiple atoms with a charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory; because electron pairs repel, molecules adjust their shapes so that valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model, which is based on an arrangement that minimizes the repulsion of shared and unshared pairs of electrons around the central atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers