Chemical and Physical Changes in Matter
47 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five main types of chemical reactions?

  • Decomposition
  • Combustion
  • Synthesis
  • Neutralization (correct)

    • What is formed during a precipitation reaction?

  • Liquid solution
  • Ionic compound
  • Solid precipitate (correct)
  • Gas

    • The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter can be created.

    False

    All nitrate (NO3-) salts are considered insoluble.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be the same on both sides of a balanced chemical equation?

    <p>The number and type of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In balancing equations, changing ________________ is never allowed.

    <p>subscripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the state of matter for Na2SO4.

    <p>aqueous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The solid that emerges from the solution during a precipitation reaction is called a __________.

    <p>precipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the chemical reaction types with their descriptions:

    <p>Synthesis = Two or more reactants combine to form a single product Decomposition = A single compound breaks down into two or more products Single Displacement = One element replaces another in a compound Double Displacement = Ions exchange between two compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ionic compounds with their states of matter:

    <p>Na2SO4 = aq Cu(OH)2 = s AgNO3 = aq PbI2 = s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ions make carbonate and phosphate compounds generally insoluble?

    <p>Group 1 ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The complete ionic equation shows all the species participating in the reaction as separate charged particles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key rule regarding the solubility of hydroxides?

    <p>All hydroxides are insoluble except when combined with certain ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a physical change?

    <p>A change that does not alter the substance's composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical changes always result in new substances being formed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a physical change?

    <p>Phase changes, such as melting or freezing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A physical change occurs when a substance undergoes a change in properties but not a change in ______________.

    <p>composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence suggests that a chemical change has occurred?

    <p>The formation of a precipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the changes in matter to their descriptions:

    <p>Physical Change = No new substances formed, composition unchanged Chemical Change = New substances formed, composition altered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when excess manganese (II) chloride reacts with ammonium carbonate?

    <p>Manganese carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during a chemical change?

    <p>Substances are transformed into new substances with different compositions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Evidence of a chemical change includes the production of a _____________.

    <p>precipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aluminum phosphate is the only product formed when aluminum nitrate reacts with potassium nitrate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ions are present in excess after the reaction between aluminum nitrate and potassium nitrate?

    <p>Al3+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The product formed from the reaction between MuCl and (NH4)2CO3 is _______.

    <p>MnCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reactants with their corresponding products:

    <p>Al(NO3)3 = AlPO4 KNO3 = No product changes MuCl = MnCO3 (NH4)2CO3 = NH4Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reactant in the mentioned reactions?

    <p>Calcium carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction between aluminum nitrate and potassium nitrate, the substance AlPO4 is produced in excess.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the solid product of the reaction involving manganese (II) chloride and ammonium carbonate?

    <p>MnCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What representation of a physical or chemical process contains formulas, states of matter, and coefficients?

    <p>Chemical equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a gas, particles are tightly packed and do not fill the space of the container.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should diatomic elements be represented as?

    <p>two atoms joined together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Particles in a liquid are somewhat close to each other and ______________.

    <p>disordered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the states of matter with their descriptions:

    <p>Solid = Particles are tightly packed together Liquid = Particles are somewhat close and disordered Gas = Particles are very far apart Aqueous solution = Ions are dissociated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of conservation of matter?

    <p>The number and type of atoms are the same before and after a reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a balanced equation, the limiting reactant has more quantity than the excess reactant.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atoms of the same element should be the same size and atoms of different elements should follow ________________ on the periodic table.

    <p>size trends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction occurs when K and B2O3 react?

    <p>Single replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MnCl2 is formed in a double replacement reaction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when NH4Cl reacts with Na3PO4?

    <p>(NH4)3PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The balanced equation for the combustion of C2H6 is ___ C2H6 + ___ O2 → ___ CO2 + ___ H2O.

    <p>2, 7, 4, 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the reaction type to its known example:

    <p>Single replacement = K + B2O3 Double replacement = NH4Cl + Na3PO4 Combustion = C2H6 + O2 Decomposition = 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is produced from the reaction of Mg3(PO4)2 and Al(NO3)3?

    <p>Mg(NO3)2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All combustion reactions produce water and carbon dioxide.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of moles of chloride ions produced when CuCl3 reacts?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a single replacement reaction, ___ is replaced by ___ in the compound.

    <p>a metal, another metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reactants with their products:

    <p>C4H10 + O2 = CO2 + H2O NH4Cl + Na3PO4 = (NH4)3PO4 + NaCl K + B2O3 = K2O + B Mg3(PO4)2 + Al(NO3)3 = Mg(NO3)2 + AlPO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Enduring Understanding

    • A substance changing its properties or transforming into another substance can be represented by chemical equations.

    Changes in Matter

    • Physical Change: A substance alters its properties without changing its composition. No new bonds are formed, and the change is typically reversible.
      • Examples include phase changes (e.g., melting, freezing), separations (e.g., filtration, distillation), and dissolving.
    • Chemical Change: A substance is transformed into a new substance with a different composition. New bonds are formed, and the change is typically irreversible.
      • Evidence for chemical change includes: production of a precipitate, change in color, change in temperature or sound, production of light, and gas production (bubbles).

    Learning Objectives

    • Identify evidence of chemical and physical changes in matter.
    • Represent changes in matter using balanced chemical or net ionic equations.
      • For physical changes
      • For given information about the identity of reactants and products
      • For ions in a given chemical reaction
    • Represent a given reaction or process with a consistent particulate model.

    Changes in Matter

    • Physical change: No new bonds are formed; occurs when a substance undergoes a change in properties (but not in composition).
    • Chemical change: New substances are formed; occurs when bonds are broken/formed.

    Chemical Equations and Chemical Changes

    • During a chemical change, substances are converted into new substances with different compositions
    • In the chemical equation the identity of the reactant(s) is different from the product(s) (the substances change).
    • The five main types of chemical reactions are:
      • Synthesis
      • Decomposition
      • Single displacement
      • Double displacement
      • Combustion

    Balancing Equations

    • The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
    • All physical and chemical changes can be represented by balanced chemical equations that demonstrate the conservation of mass by showing the same number and type of atoms on both sides.
      • coefficients are balancing numbers
      • subscripts do not change

    Precipitation Reactions

    • A precipitation reaction is a special type of double exchange (or double replacement) reaction where solutions of two ionic compounds react and form a solid (the precipitate) precipitate).
    • Solubility rules can be used to determine which product is a precipitate based on the states of matter (aq or s) of the ionic compound.
      • Many compounds are soluble in water (aq = aqueous)
      • Salts of group 1, ammonium and nitrate are soluble
      • Many metal halides are soluble.
      • Many metal sulfides are insoluble.
      • Most carbonates and phosphates are insoluble.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    AP Chemistry Student Notes 4.1-4.4 PDF

    Description

    Explore the differences between physical and chemical changes in matter through this engaging quiz. Understand the key concepts, identify evidence of changes, and represent them using balanced chemical equations. Test your knowledge on how substances transform and what signs indicate these changes.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser