Chemical and Physical Changes in Matter
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five main types of chemical reactions?

  • Decomposition
  • Combustion
  • Synthesis
  • Neutralization (correct)

What is formed during a precipitation reaction?

  • Liquid solution
  • Ionic compound
  • Solid precipitate (correct)
  • Gas

The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter can be created.

False (B)

All nitrate (NO3-) salts are considered insoluble.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be the same on both sides of a balanced chemical equation?

<p>The number and type of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

In balancing equations, changing ________________ is never allowed.

<p>subscripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the state of matter for Na2SO4.

<p>aqueous</p> Signup and view all the answers

The solid that emerges from the solution during a precipitation reaction is called a __________.

<p>precipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the chemical reaction types with their descriptions:

<p>Synthesis = Two or more reactants combine to form a single product Decomposition = A single compound breaks down into two or more products Single Displacement = One element replaces another in a compound Double Displacement = Ions exchange between two compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the ionic compounds with their states of matter:

<p>Na2SO4 = aq Cu(OH)2 = s AgNO3 = aq PbI2 = s</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ions make carbonate and phosphate compounds generally insoluble?

<p>Group 1 ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The complete ionic equation shows all the species participating in the reaction as separate charged particles.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key rule regarding the solubility of hydroxides?

<p>All hydroxides are insoluble except when combined with certain ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a physical change?

<p>A change that does not alter the substance's composition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemical changes always result in new substances being formed.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a physical change?

<p>Phase changes, such as melting or freezing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A physical change occurs when a substance undergoes a change in properties but not a change in ______________.

<p>composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of evidence suggests that a chemical change has occurred?

<p>The formation of a precipitate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the changes in matter to their descriptions:

<p>Physical Change = No new substances formed, composition unchanged Chemical Change = New substances formed, composition altered</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when excess manganese (II) chloride reacts with ammonium carbonate?

<p>Manganese carbonate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during a chemical change?

<p>Substances are transformed into new substances with different compositions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Evidence of a chemical change includes the production of a _____________.

<p>precipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aluminum phosphate is the only product formed when aluminum nitrate reacts with potassium nitrate.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ions are present in excess after the reaction between aluminum nitrate and potassium nitrate?

<p>Al3+</p> Signup and view all the answers

The product formed from the reaction between MuCl and (NH4)2CO3 is _______.

<p>MnCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following reactants with their corresponding products:

<p>Al(NO3)3 = AlPO4 KNO3 = No product changes MuCl = MnCO3 (NH4)2CO3 = NH4Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reactant in the mentioned reactions?

<p>Calcium carbonate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction between aluminum nitrate and potassium nitrate, the substance AlPO4 is produced in excess.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the solid product of the reaction involving manganese (II) chloride and ammonium carbonate?

<p>MnCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What representation of a physical or chemical process contains formulas, states of matter, and coefficients?

<p>Chemical equation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a gas, particles are tightly packed and do not fill the space of the container.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should diatomic elements be represented as?

<p>two atoms joined together</p> Signup and view all the answers

Particles in a liquid are somewhat close to each other and ______________.

<p>disordered</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the states of matter with their descriptions:

<p>Solid = Particles are tightly packed together Liquid = Particles are somewhat close and disordered Gas = Particles are very far apart Aqueous solution = Ions are dissociated</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the law of conservation of matter?

<p>The number and type of atoms are the same before and after a reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a balanced equation, the limiting reactant has more quantity than the excess reactant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atoms of the same element should be the same size and atoms of different elements should follow ________________ on the periodic table.

<p>size trends</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs when K and B2O3 react?

<p>Single replacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

MnCl2 is formed in a double replacement reaction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when NH4Cl reacts with Na3PO4?

<p>(NH4)3PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

The balanced equation for the combustion of C2H6 is ___ C2H6 + ___ O2 → ___ CO2 + ___ H2O.

<p>2, 7, 4, 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the reaction type to its known example:

<p>Single replacement = K + B2O3 Double replacement = NH4Cl + Na3PO4 Combustion = C2H6 + O2 Decomposition = 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is produced from the reaction of Mg3(PO4)2 and Al(NO3)3?

<p>Mg(NO3)2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All combustion reactions produce water and carbon dioxide.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of moles of chloride ions produced when CuCl3 reacts?

<p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a single replacement reaction, ___ is replaced by ___ in the compound.

<p>a metal, another metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following reactants with their products:

<p>C4H10 + O2 = CO2 + H2O NH4Cl + Na3PO4 = (NH4)3PO4 + NaCl K + B2O3 = K2O + B Mg3(PO4)2 + Al(NO3)3 = Mg(NO3)2 + AlPO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chemical Equation Identity Change

In a chemical reaction, the chemical identities of the reactants change to form new products with different chemical formulas.

5 Main Types of Chemical Reactions

There are 5 main categories of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion.

Law of Conservation of Matter

This law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Balanced Chemical Equation

A balanced chemical equation shows that the same number and types of atoms are present on both the reactant and product sides, ensuring mass is conserved.

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Balancing Game Rules

To balance a chemical equation, you can only change the coefficients in front of chemical formulas. You cannot change subscripts as this changes the chemical identity.

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Physical Change

A change in a substance's properties (like shape, size, or state) without altering its chemical composition. No new substances are formed, and it's usually reversible.

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Chemical Change

A change where a substance transforms into one or more new substances with different compositions. New bonds are formed, and it's usually irreversible.

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Evidence of a Chemical Change

Indicators that suggest a chemical reaction has occurred, such as the formation of a precipitate, gas release, color change, or heat/light emission.

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Precipitate

A solid substance that forms from a solution due to a chemical reaction. It separates out from the liquid and settles.

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What does a chemical equation represent?

A chemical equation uses symbols to represent a chemical reaction. It shows the reactants (starting materials) and products (new substances formed).

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Net Ionic Equation

A chemical equation that only shows the species (ions or molecules) directly involved in the reaction. It eliminates spectator ions that are present but don't change.

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What is the purpose of representing a chemical reaction using a particulate model?

Particulate models use diagrams to visually represent the changes in molecules and atoms during a chemical reaction. They make it easier to understand the process on a microscopic level.

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Balancing Equations

Adjusting coefficients in a chemical equation to ensure the same number of atoms of each element on both sides.

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Single Replacement Reaction

A reaction where one element replaces another in a compound.

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Double Replacement Reaction

A reaction where two elements in different compounds exchange places.

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Combustion Reaction

A reaction involving rapid reaction with oxygen, often producing heat and light.

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Coefficients

The numbers placed before chemical formulas in a balanced equation, indicating the relative number of molecules or moles.

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Subscripts

The numbers written below and to the right of an element's symbol in a chemical formula, indicating the number of atoms of that element in a molecule.

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Polyatomic Ions

Groups of atoms that act as a single unit with a positive or negative charge.

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Reactants

Substances that are present at the start of a chemical reaction.

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Products

Substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

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Word Equation

A chemical reaction described using the names of the reactants and products.

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Chemical Equation

A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction showing the reactants, products, and their stoichiometry.

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Particulate Diagram

A visual representation of a chemical reaction showing the individual molecules or atoms involved.

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States of Matter

Different physical forms of matter defined by their particle arrangement and movement: solid, liquid, gas, and aqueous solution.

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Diatomic Element

An element that exists as a molecule containing two atoms of the same element.

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Conservation of Matter

The principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

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Limiting Reactant

The reactant that gets completely used up first in a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of product formed.

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Excess Reactant

The reactant that is present in a larger amount than needed for complete reaction, some will remain unreacted.

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Balanced Equation

A chemical equation where the number and type of atoms are the same on both the reactant and product sides, ensuring mass conservation.

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Precipitation Reaction

A chemical reaction where two solutions react, and an insoluble solid product, called a precipitate, is formed.

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Solubility Rules

A set of guidelines that predict whether an ionic compound will dissolve in water (aq) or form a solid precipitate (s).

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What are some common soluble salts?

Group 1 cations (Na+, K+, etc.), ammonium (NH4+), and nitrates (NO3-) always form soluble salts.

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What are some common insoluble salts?

Carbonates (CO3-2), phosphates (PO4-3), and hydroxides (OH-) are generally insoluble except when combined with specific ions listed in the rules.

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Balanced Molecular Equation

A chemical equation representing the reaction that clearly shows the chemical formulas of all reactants and products involved, and the number of each is balanced.

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Complete Ionic Equation

A balanced chemical equation that shows all aqueous reactants and products as separate ions, indicating their charges.

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What is the purpose of a chemical equation?

Chemical equations provide a concise and symbolic representation of chemical reactions, allowing us to understand the reactants, products, and the stoichiometry involved.

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What does (aq) and (s) represent in a chemical equation?

(aq) indicates a substance is dissolved in water, while (s) indicates a solid precipitate that has formed.

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What are the reactants?

The substances that react together in a chemical reaction.

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What are the products?

The new substances formed after a chemical reaction takes place.

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What is a precipitate?

A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.

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What does (aq) signify in a chemical equation?

(aq) indicates that a substance is dissolved in water and exists as ions.

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What does (s) signify in a chemical equation?

(s) indicates that a substance is a solid.

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What does (g) signify in a chemical equation?

(g) indicates that a substance is a gas.

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What does (l) signify in a chemical equation?

(l) indicates that a substance is a liquid.

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Study Notes

Enduring Understanding

  • A substance changing its properties or transforming into another substance can be represented by chemical equations.

Changes in Matter

  • Physical Change: A substance alters its properties without changing its composition. No new bonds are formed, and the change is typically reversible.
    • Examples include phase changes (e.g., melting, freezing), separations (e.g., filtration, distillation), and dissolving.
  • Chemical Change: A substance is transformed into a new substance with a different composition. New bonds are formed, and the change is typically irreversible.
    • Evidence for chemical change includes: production of a precipitate, change in color, change in temperature or sound, production of light, and gas production (bubbles).

Learning Objectives

  • Identify evidence of chemical and physical changes in matter.
  • Represent changes in matter using balanced chemical or net ionic equations.
    • For physical changes
    • For given information about the identity of reactants and products
    • For ions in a given chemical reaction
  • Represent a given reaction or process with a consistent particulate model.

Changes in Matter

  • Physical change: No new bonds are formed; occurs when a substance undergoes a change in properties (but not in composition).
  • Chemical change: New substances are formed; occurs when bonds are broken/formed.

Chemical Equations and Chemical Changes

  • During a chemical change, substances are converted into new substances with different compositions
  • In the chemical equation the identity of the reactant(s) is different from the product(s) (the substances change).
  • The five main types of chemical reactions are:
    • Synthesis
    • Decomposition
    • Single displacement
    • Double displacement
    • Combustion

Balancing Equations

  • The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed.
  • All physical and chemical changes can be represented by balanced chemical equations that demonstrate the conservation of mass by showing the same number and type of atoms on both sides.
    • coefficients are balancing numbers
    • subscripts do not change

Precipitation Reactions

  • A precipitation reaction is a special type of double exchange (or double replacement) reaction where solutions of two ionic compounds react and form a solid (the precipitate) precipitate).
  • Solubility rules can be used to determine which product is a precipitate based on the states of matter (aq or s) of the ionic compound.
    • Many compounds are soluble in water (aq = aqueous)
    • Salts of group 1, ammonium and nitrate are soluble
    • Many metal halides are soluble.
    • Many metal sulfides are insoluble.
    • Most carbonates and phosphates are insoluble.

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Description

Explore the differences between physical and chemical changes in matter through this engaging quiz. Understand the key concepts, identify evidence of changes, and represent them using balanced chemical equations. Test your knowledge on how substances transform and what signs indicate these changes.

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