Chemistry: Physical vs Chemical Changes
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Questions and Answers

What best describes the change when ice melts into water?

  • An irreversible chemical change occurs.
  • A temporary alteration in temperature is observed.
  • A permanent change in mass takes place.
  • A reversible physical change occurs. (correct)

What is the result when water freezes back into ice?

  • The process is similar to condensation.
  • The water returns to its original state. (correct)
  • The water molecules break apart completely.
  • The water transforms into a gas.

Which process involves condensation on the inner surface of a pan?

  • The transition from gas to liquid. (correct)
  • The evaporation of ice.
  • The freezing of water.
  • The melting of ice.

What change occurs to paper that results in a change in size?

<p>A physical change due to moisture exposure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the light bulb after the changes occur?

<p>It ceases to give light as it returns to its original state. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of substances is primarily related to their composition?

<p>Molecular arrangement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes a change that affects the substance's state?

<p>Physical change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of substance changes, which of the following is an example of a physical state change?

<p>Melting ice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT directly relate to the composition of a substance?

<p>Density measurement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of change occurs when a substance undergoes a phase transition?

<p>Physical change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these processes alters the chemical composition of a substance?

<p>Combustion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to affect a substance's state?

<p>Molecular size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the concept discussed regarding changes?

<p>Changes are contingent upon perception. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the nature of smell in relation to changes?

<p>Smell can alter the perception of changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the conclusion regarding the changes discussed?

<p>The conclusion embraces the complexities of change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the theme of reversibility in relation to changes?

<p>Some changes may be reversed under specific conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement regarding 'possible' suggest about changes?

<p>Possibility of change is dependent on various factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significance does the term 'obviously' carry in discussing changes?

<p>It implies a level of certainty about changes being perceived. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the discussion approach the concept of 'all' in relation to changes?

<p>It implies that not all changes yield positive results. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best encapsulates the notion that some changes may not be recognized?

<p>Some changes occur without notice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the concept of perception play in understanding changes?

<p>Perception shapes our reaction to changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does potato have when it is spoiled?

<p>It gives off a foul smell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of potato spoilage?

<p>It develops a black color. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the smell associated with spoiled potato?

<p>It is foul. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the visual characteristics of a spoiled potato?

<p>It shows signs of blackening. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nutritional content of a potato as it spoils?

<p>It diminishes over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common sign that a potato is no longer good to eat?

<p>It releases a foul smell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a blackened appearance in a potato usually indicate?

<p>Spoilage or rot. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the texture of a potato when it starts spoiling?

<p>It turns mushy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of taste alteration might be expected from a spoiled potato?

<p>It tastes bitter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the canopy play in a forest ecosystem?

<p>It provides habitat for various animal species. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is primarily derived from the bark of trees?

<p>Cinchona (quinine) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do forest layers affect biodiversity?

<p>By providing different habitats that support various plant and animal species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these types of trees is NOT typically used for timber production?

<p>Coconut (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the forest floor is crucial for the growth of certain plants?

<p>Dark, moist conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following forest products is primarily used in the textile industry?

<p>Fibre (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do forests primarily contribute to the regulation of atmospheric gases?

<p>By taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen through photosynthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the canopy of a forest play in the ecosystem?

<p>It moderates the temperature and protects the forest floor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do animals indirectly support plant life?

<p>By providing carbon dioxide for photosynthesis through respiration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between animals and plants in terms of habitat?

<p>Plants provide direct shelter and breeding grounds for certain animals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process depends on animals for successful seed dispersal?

<p>Digestion of fruits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of forest destruction in relation to air quality?

<p>Increase in carbon dioxide levels, contributing to global warming. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the role of legumes in soil?

<p>They enrich soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of forests helps prevent soil erosion?

<p>The dense canopy formation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the ecosystem, how do consumers differ from producers?

<p>Producers utilize energy from sunlight for growth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of an omnivorous animal?

<p>A bear, which eats both plants and fish. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of essential oils derived from certain plants and grasses?

<p>In the manufacturing of personal care products and flavoring. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do micro-organisms contribute to the nutrient cycle in forests?

<p>By decomposing dead organic matter to create humus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nutrients contained in fallen leaves and twigs in a forest ecosystem?

<p>They are returned to the soil through decomposition by micro-organisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the concept of a food chain?

<p>It illustrates the flow of energy from producers to consumers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of producers in a food chain?

<p>Producers convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best defines decomposers in an ecosystem?

<p>They break down organic matter and return nutrients to the soil. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do scavengers contribute to an ecosystem?

<p>They consume dead organisms, helping to keep the environment clean. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a food web compared to a food chain?

<p>A food web illustrates the complex interconnections between various food chains. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs when an animal dies and its body is broken down?

<p>Decomposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do too many consumers in an ecosystem have on producers?

<p>They can lead to overconsumption and depletion of plant resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do living organisms maintain balance in ecosystems?

<p>Through competitive interactions that prevent overpopulation of any species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is humus and why is it important in an ecosystem?

<p>It is a substance formed from decomposed organic matter, enhancing soil fertility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason for the interdependence of species in an ecosystem?

<p>Each species relies on specific energy sources to survive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the flow of energy in a food chain?

<p>It is linear and can only go one way from producers to decomposers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dissolving

A change where a substance mixes evenly with another substance, usually a liquid, and doesn't form a new substance.

Physical Change

A change that alters the form of a substance, but not its chemical makeup.

Melting

Changing from a solid state to a liquid state.

Freezing

Changing from a liquid state to a solid state.

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Condensation

The change of water from a gas to a liquid.

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Reverse Change

A change that brings a substance back to its original form, undoing the previous change.

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Can it be reversed?

This question helps determine if a change is physical or chemical. If a change can be reversed, it's likely a physical change.

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Possible Changes

The changes that can occur to a substance, including physical and chemical changes.

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Boiling

A physical change where a liquid turns into a gas due to heat.

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What change happens when a potato goes bad?

A potato rotting involves chemical changes. Its chemical composition changes as it decomposes, resulting in a foul smell and discolouration.

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What does a rotten potato smell like?

A rotten potato emits a foul smell, often described as a pungent or unpleasant odour. The smell is due to the breakdown of chemicals within the potato.

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What is a chemical change?

A chemical change alters the composition of a substance, creating a new substance with different properties. It's a change at the molecular level.

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What is a physical change?

A physical change only alters the form or appearance of a substance, without altering its chemical composition.

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How is rotting a chemical change?

Because the potato's chemical composition changes as it decays, resulting in a foul smell and colour change, it's considered a chemical change. New compounds are formed as it breaks down

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What do we call a rotten potato?

A potato that has undergone chemical decomposition is considered rotten. It is no longer safe to eat due to the formation of harmful substances.

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What is the meaning of 'foul' smell?

A foul smell is a strong, unpleasant odour, usually associated with decay or putrefaction. It signals chemical decomposition.

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What is a sign of decomposition?

Decomposition, a chemical change, produces noticeable signs like: a foul smell, a change in color, and a change in texture.

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How does a potato change when it goes bad?

A potato undergoes a chemical change called decomposition when it goes bad. It develops a foul smell, black spots, and a soft texture.

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What is a change of state?

A change in the physical form of a substance, like from solid to liquid or liquid to gas, without altering its chemical makeup.

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What are substances?

Materials that have a specific composition and unique properties.

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New substances

When a chemical change occurs, a new substance with different properties is formed.

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Composition

The makeup of a substance, including the types and amounts of elements or compounds it contains.

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Change in composition

A chemical change involves a change in the composition of a substance, resulting in new substances.

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Are changes in state chemical changes?

No, changes in state are physical changes because they only alter the form of a substance, not its composition.

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Forest Canopy

The uppermost layer of a forest, formed by the branches and leaves of tall trees, creating a roof-like cover over the forest floor.

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Understorey

The layers of a forest below the canopy, containing smaller trees, shrubs, and herbs, which receive less sunlight.

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What are the main factors that determine the type of forest?

Climate, topography (land shape), and soil type are the primary factors that influence the kinds of trees and animals found in a forest.

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Forest Uses: Food

Forests provide a wide variety of food sources, including grains, pulses, vegetables, fruits, beverages, spices, and oil seeds.

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Forest Uses: Timber and Wood

Forests are a source of timber (wood) used for furniture, housing, ships, and firewood.

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Forest Uses: Medicines

Many medicines are derived from plants found in forests, such as penicillin and quinine.

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Soil Erosion

The wearing away of soil, usually by wind or water, often caused by the removal of plants.

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Legumes: Soil Enrichment

Certain plants like legumes (beans, peas, lentils) increase the fertility of the soil by adding nitrogen.

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Essential Oils

Fragrant oils extracted from plants, used in various products like soaps, perfumes, and medicines.

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Producers (Plants)

Organisms like plants that make their own food through photosynthesis.

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Consumers (Animals)

Organisms that rely on other living things for food, unable to produce their own.

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Herbivores

Animals that only eat plants.

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Carnivores

Animals that only eat other animals.

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Omnivores

Animals that eat both plants and animals.

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Food Chain

A sequence of organisms where each one eats the one before it, showing how energy flows through an ecosystem.

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Producer

An organism, like a plant, that makes its own food through photosynthesis.

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Consumer

An organism, like an animal, that obtains food by eating other organisms.

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Decomposer

An organism, like bacteria or fungi, that breaks down dead organisms and waste, returning nutrients to the soil.

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Food Web

A complex network of interconnected food chains showing how energy flows in a food web.

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Scavenger

An animal that eats dead animals, like vultures or crows.

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Humus

The decomposed organic matter in soil, rich in nutrients.

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Why is balance in nature important?

Each organism in a food web plays a crucial role. If one population grows too large or becomes extinct, the entire ecosystem can be disrupted.

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What happens if there are too many lions?

If there are too many lions, they will outcompete for prey and potentially kill all the deer, causing a collapse in the deer population.

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What happens if there are too many deer?

If there are too many deer, they will overgraze and deplete plant resources, leading to a shortage of food for other animals.

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Forest's role in air purification

Forests play a crucial role in purifying the air by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) during photosynthesis and releasing oxygen. They also act as sinks for CO2 released from various sources like respiration and burning fossil fuels.

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Why are forests called 'lungs' of Earth?

Forests, particularly rainforests, are often referred to as the 'lungs' of the Earth because of their vital role in maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

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Food dependence on plants

All animals, directly or indirectly, depend on plants for food. Herbivores consume plants, and carnivores eat herbivores, making plants the foundation of the food chain.

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Plants' role in oxygen production

Plants produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, which is essential for the survival of animals and plants through respiration.

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Animal reliance on plants for shelter

Many animals rely on plants for shelter, building nests in trees, making burrows in the soil, or seeking refuge during storms.

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Carbon dioxide source for plants

Plants require carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. This CO2 is primarily obtained from animals during respiration, as they exhale it.

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Study Notes

Introduction

  • Matter changes form, but is never created or destroyed
  • Changes in matter can be physical or chemical
  • Physical changes alter a substance's form, but not its chemical composition
  • Chemical changes create new substances with different properties

Physical Changes

  • Physical changes alter shape, size, or state of matter
  • Examples include: melting ice, boiling water, mixing oil and vinegar, breaking a glass
  • Physical changes are reversible
  • No new substances are formed
  • Characteristic features include: maintaining the original substance's identity, being temporary, and sometimes involving a change in heat

Chemical Changes

  • Chemical changes involve the formation of new substances
  • Examples include: burning wood, rusting of iron, cooking an egg
  • Chemical changes are irreversible
  • New substances with different properties are formed
  • Characteristic features include: maintaining the same original substance and usually forming a new substance with different properties.

Chemical Reactions

  • Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms
  • Chemical reactions can be shown using chemical equations
  • Reactants are the substances present before a reaction
  • Products are the resulting substances

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Description

This quiz will test your understanding of the differences between physical and chemical changes in matter. You will explore examples, characteristics, and the reversible or irreversible nature of these changes. Prepare to enhance your knowledge of matter's transformations.

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