Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which group always carries a positive charge in an amino acid?
Which group always carries a positive charge in an amino acid?
- Carboxyl group
- Rest group
- Amino group (correct)
- Alpha carbon
What determines the type and nature of an amino acid?
What determines the type and nature of an amino acid?
- The amino group
- The alpha carbon
- The carboxyl group
- The side chains (correct)
Which atom carries a proton in an amino acid?
Which atom carries a proton in an amino acid?
- Carboxyl group
- Alpha carbon (correct)
- Rest group
- Amino group
What is the basic structure of an amino acid?
What is the basic structure of an amino acid?
Which group is charged in an amino acid?
Which group is charged in an amino acid?
What can vary in an amino acid?
What can vary in an amino acid?
What determines the nature of a protein?
What determines the nature of a protein?
Which amino acid is made up of a simple side chain?
Which amino acid is made up of a simple side chain?
What is the central atom in an amino acid called?
What is the central atom in an amino acid called?
What does gluing amino acids together form?
What does gluing amino acids together form?
Which part of an amino acid determines its identity?
Which part of an amino acid determines its identity?
What determines whether an amino acid is charged or non-charged?
What determines whether an amino acid is charged or non-charged?
Which type of amino acid is not fond of water?
Which type of amino acid is not fond of water?
Which type of amino acid likes water but is still non-charged?
Which type of amino acid likes water but is still non-charged?
Which type of amino acid has a negative charge in its side chain?
Which type of amino acid has a negative charge in its side chain?
Which type of amino acid is a zwitter ion?
Which type of amino acid is a zwitter ion?
What does the term 'zwitter' mean in German?
What does the term 'zwitter' mean in German?
What happens to the charges of the carboxyl and amino groups in an amino acid?
What happens to the charges of the carboxyl and amino groups in an amino acid?
Do non-ionized amino acids exist?
Do non-ionized amino acids exist?
What are the two major characteristics of amino acids?
What are the two major characteristics of amino acids?
Which part of an amino acid determines its charge in different environments?
Which part of an amino acid determines its charge in different environments?
What happens to the charge of an amino acid in an acidic environment?
What happens to the charge of an amino acid in an acidic environment?
What happens to the charge of an amino acid in a basic environment?
What happens to the charge of an amino acid in a basic environment?
What is the net charge of an amino acid in a basic environment?
What is the net charge of an amino acid in a basic environment?
What is the net charge of an amino acid in an acidic environment?
What is the net charge of an amino acid in an acidic environment?
What happens to the charge of the carboxyl group in an amino acid in an acidic environment?
What happens to the charge of the carboxyl group in an amino acid in an acidic environment?
What happens to the charge of the amino group in an amino acid in an acidic environment?
What happens to the charge of the amino group in an amino acid in an acidic environment?
What happens to the charge of the carboxyl group in an amino acid in a basic environment?
What happens to the charge of the carboxyl group in an amino acid in a basic environment?
What happens to the charge of the amino group in an amino acid in a basic environment?
What happens to the charge of the amino group in an amino acid in a basic environment?
What can lead to denaturation of a protein?
What can lead to denaturation of a protein?
Which type of environment is created in a protein when a lot of minor acids are added together?
Which type of environment is created in a protein when a lot of minor acids are added together?
In which domain of a protein is it advantageous to have a polar region?
In which domain of a protein is it advantageous to have a polar region?
What is the term used to describe the ability of an amino acid to dissolve in water?
What is the term used to describe the ability of an amino acid to dissolve in water?
Is the apolarity of an amino acid stronger or weaker than its ability to dissolve in water?
Is the apolarity of an amino acid stronger or weaker than its ability to dissolve in water?
What is the term used to describe an amino acid with a non-polar side chain?
What is the term used to describe an amino acid with a non-polar side chain?
Which type of amino acid is less fond of water?
Which type of amino acid is less fond of water?
Which type of amino acid carries a positive charge in its side chain?
Which type of amino acid carries a positive charge in its side chain?
What happens to the charges of the carboxyl and amino groups in an amino acid?
What happens to the charges of the carboxyl and amino groups in an amino acid?
What is the term used to describe an amino acid that has both positive and negative charges?
What is the term used to describe an amino acid that has both positive and negative charges?
What type of environment does a protein with a polar domain interact with?
What type of environment does a protein with a polar domain interact with?
Which of the following best describes the isoelectric point (PI) of a molecule in a solution?
Which of the following best describes the isoelectric point (PI) of a molecule in a solution?
What does the term 'zwitter ions' refer to in the context of amino acids?
What does the term 'zwitter ions' refer to in the context of amino acids?
Which of the following pH values is most likely to result in an equal amount of positive and negative charges for an amino acid with an acidic side chain?
Which of the following pH values is most likely to result in an equal amount of positive and negative charges for an amino acid with an acidic side chain?
Which of the following pH values is most likely to result in an equal amount of positive and negative charges for an amino acid with a basic side chain?
Which of the following pH values is most likely to result in an equal amount of positive and negative charges for an amino acid with a basic side chain?
What is the main factor that determines whether an amino acid is charged or non-charged?
What is the main factor that determines whether an amino acid is charged or non-charged?
Which of the following best describes the solubility of polar amino acids in water?
Which of the following best describes the solubility of polar amino acids in water?
What does the term 'isoelectric point' refer to in the context of proteins?
What does the term 'isoelectric point' refer to in the context of proteins?
Which of the following best describes the distribution of charges in an amino acid at its isoelectric point?
Which of the following best describes the distribution of charges in an amino acid at its isoelectric point?
Which of the following best describes the nature of a zwitter ion?
Which of the following best describes the nature of a zwitter ion?
Which of the following pH values is most likely to result in a net positive charge for an amino acid with a basic side chain?
Which of the following pH values is most likely to result in a net positive charge for an amino acid with a basic side chain?
Which process involves reading the genetic code by nuclear ribosomes?
Which process involves reading the genetic code by nuclear ribosomes?
Which organelle is responsible for reading the genetic code in translation?
Which organelle is responsible for reading the genetic code in translation?
Which of the following is NOT involved in translation?
Which of the following is NOT involved in translation?
What is the function of ribosomes in translation?
What is the function of ribosomes in translation?
Which term describes the process of rewriting DNA into messenger RNA?
Which term describes the process of rewriting DNA into messenger RNA?
What is the name for the process of translating messenger RNA into proteins?
What is the name for the process of translating messenger RNA into proteins?
In prokaryotes, how are multiple genes translated at once?
In prokaryotes, how are multiple genes translated at once?
In eukaryotes, how are genes translated?
In eukaryotes, how are genes translated?
Where does translation occur in prokaryotes?
Where does translation occur in prokaryotes?
Where does translation occur in eukaryotes?
Where does translation occur in eukaryotes?
Which part of the DNA contains the protein coding sequence?
Which part of the DNA contains the protein coding sequence?
Where is the genetic code for amino acids located?
Where is the genetic code for amino acids located?
Which molecule is responsible for carrying the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes?
Which molecule is responsible for carrying the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes?
Where is mRNA produced?
Where is mRNA produced?
What is the process called when the genetic code in mRNA is used to build a protein?
What is the process called when the genetic code in mRNA is used to build a protein?
Which part of the cell is responsible for protein synthesis?
Which part of the cell is responsible for protein synthesis?
What is the product of translation?
What is the product of translation?
Which type of amino acids are important to know for studying proteins?
Which type of amino acids are important to know for studying proteins?
Do you need to know all the structures and names of amino acids?
Do you need to know all the structures and names of amino acids?
What is the role of axons in protein synthesis?
What is the role of axons in protein synthesis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic translation?
Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic translation?
What is found at the 5'-end of the messenger RNA in eukaryotes?
What is found at the 5'-end of the messenger RNA in eukaryotes?
What surrounds the messenger RNA in eukaryotes?
What surrounds the messenger RNA in eukaryotes?
What is the function of cap binding complexes (CBC) in eukaryotic translation?
What is the function of cap binding complexes (CBC) in eukaryotic translation?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component involved in eukaryotic translation?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component involved in eukaryotic translation?
What is the process called when messenger RNA is transported out of the nucleus in eukaryotes?
What is the process called when messenger RNA is transported out of the nucleus in eukaryotes?
What is the term used to describe the structure at the 5'-end of the messenger RNA in eukaryotes?
What is the term used to describe the structure at the 5'-end of the messenger RNA in eukaryotes?
What is the role of poly-A binding proteins in eukaryotic translation?
What is the role of poly-A binding proteins in eukaryotic translation?
What is the function of axon junction complexes in eukaryotic translation?
What is the function of axon junction complexes in eukaryotic translation?
What is the function of SR proteins in eukaryotic translation?
What is the function of SR proteins in eukaryotic translation?
Which molecule plays a key role in connecting messenger RNA and protein?
Which molecule plays a key role in connecting messenger RNA and protein?
What shape does tRNA resemble?
What shape does tRNA resemble?
What is the function of the anti-codon in tRNA?
What is the function of the anti-codon in tRNA?
Where is the amino acid attached in tRNA?
Where is the amino acid attached in tRNA?
In which direction does the tRNA sequence start?
In which direction does the tRNA sequence start?
What is the main role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
What is the main role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
What is the shape of tRNA that is mentioned in the text?
What is the shape of tRNA that is mentioned in the text?
What is the function of tRNA in the process of translation?
What is the function of tRNA in the process of translation?
Which side of tRNA is the amino acid attached to?
Which side of tRNA is the amino acid attached to?
What is the shape of tRNA described in the text?
What is the shape of tRNA described in the text?
Which of the following is true about the genetic code?
Which of the following is true about the genetic code?
What is the function of the start codon in the genetic code?
What is the function of the start codon in the genetic code?
How many stop codons are there in the genetic code?
How many stop codons are there in the genetic code?
What is the term used to describe the reading of the genetic code like a zipper?
What is the term used to describe the reading of the genetic code like a zipper?
How many different amino acids are synthesized in our body?
How many different amino acids are synthesized in our body?
What is the term used to describe the fact that several different triplets can code for a single amino acid?
What is the term used to describe the fact that several different triplets can code for a single amino acid?
What is the function of stop codons in the genetic code?
What is the function of stop codons in the genetic code?
What is the role of ribosomes in the genetic code?
What is the role of ribosomes in the genetic code?
What is the term used to describe the fact that the genetic code is read as triplets?
What is the term used to describe the fact that the genetic code is read as triplets?
What is the term used to describe the fact that the genetic code is read consecutively, without skipping any nucleotides?
What is the term used to describe the fact that the genetic code is read consecutively, without skipping any nucleotides?
Which protein complexes are involved in splicing?
Which protein complexes are involved in splicing?
What is the role of the poly-A tail and five-accent cap in mRNA?
What is the role of the poly-A tail and five-accent cap in mRNA?
What happens when the nuclear export receptor interacts with the nuclear pore?
What happens when the nuclear export receptor interacts with the nuclear pore?
Which initiation factors bind to the five-accent cap?
Which initiation factors bind to the five-accent cap?
What connects the three-accent tail with the five-accent cap in eukaryotes?
What connects the three-accent tail with the five-accent cap in eukaryotes?
When does nonsense messenger RNA decay usually occur?
When does nonsense messenger RNA decay usually occur?
Which type of genes can code for multiple proteins in one mRNA molecule?
Which type of genes can code for multiple proteins in one mRNA molecule?
What is the term used to describe the coding and non-coding sequences in mRNA?
What is the term used to describe the coding and non-coding sequences in mRNA?
Where does translation occur in eukaryotes?
Where does translation occur in eukaryotes?
What is the difference between polycistronic and monocistronic mRNA?
What is the difference between polycistronic and monocistronic mRNA?
Which subunit is present in prokaryotic ribosomes during translation?
Which subunit is present in prokaryotic ribosomes during translation?
Which subunit is present in eukaryotic ribosomes during translation?
Which subunit is present in eukaryotic ribosomes during translation?
What type of RNA is required for translation?
What type of RNA is required for translation?
What is the role of elongation factors in translation?
What is the role of elongation factors in translation?
What is the function of initiation factors in translation?
What is the function of initiation factors in translation?
What molecule is responsible for carrying the amino acid during translation?
What molecule is responsible for carrying the amino acid during translation?
Which molecule is responsible for attaching the amino acid to the tRNA?
Which molecule is responsible for attaching the amino acid to the tRNA?
What molecule provides the energy for translation?
What molecule provides the energy for translation?
Which process is different in prokaryotic translation compared to eukaryotic translation?
Which process is different in prokaryotic translation compared to eukaryotic translation?
What is the function of the ribosomal subunits in translation?
What is the function of the ribosomal subunits in translation?
Which of the following is the correct number of tRNAs required for the 61 different codons for amino acids?
Which of the following is the correct number of tRNAs required for the 61 different codons for amino acids?
What is the term used to describe the process of tRNA coupling with amino acids?
What is the term used to describe the process of tRNA coupling with amino acids?
Which nucleotide in the triplet at the triaxon side allows for the interaction between a G and a U in the tRNA recognition process?
Which nucleotide in the triplet at the triaxon side allows for the interaction between a G and a U in the tRNA recognition process?
What is the name of the enzymatic complex responsible for coupling amino acids to tRNA molecules?
What is the name of the enzymatic complex responsible for coupling amino acids to tRNA molecules?
How many different amino-acetyl transphorases are there, corresponding to the 20 different amino acids?
How many different amino-acetyl transphorases are there, corresponding to the 20 different amino acids?
Which molecule is required for coupling valine to a specific tRNA molecule?
Which molecule is required for coupling valine to a specific tRNA molecule?
What is the term used to describe the process of coupling amino acids to tRNA molecules?
What is the term used to describe the process of coupling amino acids to tRNA molecules?
What is the specific function of amino-acetyl transphorases?
What is the specific function of amino-acetyl transphorases?
Which amino acid is used as an example to explain the coupling process with tRNA molecules?
Which amino acid is used as an example to explain the coupling process with tRNA molecules?
What is the name of the tRNA molecule that specifically recognizes valine?
What is the name of the tRNA molecule that specifically recognizes valine?
What is the role of the wobble effect in translation?
What is the role of the wobble effect in translation?
What is the function of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
What is the function of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
What is the significance of an inosine nucleoside in the anticodon of tRNA?
What is the significance of an inosine nucleoside in the anticodon of tRNA?
What is the role of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex in translation?
What is the role of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex in translation?
What is the significance of the CCA sequence at the 3' end of tRNA?
What is the significance of the CCA sequence at the 3' end of tRNA?
What is the function of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme?
What is the function of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme?
What is the role of the wobble pairing in translation?
What is the role of the wobble pairing in translation?
What is the significance of the inosine nucleoside in the anticodon of tRNA?
What is the significance of the inosine nucleoside in the anticodon of tRNA?
What is the function of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex in translation?
What is the function of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex in translation?
What is the significance of the CCA sequence at the 3' end of tRNA?
What is the significance of the CCA sequence at the 3' end of tRNA?
Which of the following is the correct order of the three phases in the translation process?
Which of the following is the correct order of the three phases in the translation process?
What is the name of the sequence that is recognized by the small ribosomal complex in prokaryotic translation?
What is the name of the sequence that is recognized by the small ribosomal complex in prokaryotic translation?
Which component of the ribosome recognizes the Shine-Dalgano sequence in the messenger RNA?
Which component of the ribosome recognizes the Shine-Dalgano sequence in the messenger RNA?
What are the three different phases of the translation process?
What are the three different phases of the translation process?
What is the composition of ribosomes?
What is the composition of ribosomes?
Which ribosomal complex recognizes the Shine-Dalgano sequence in prokaryotic translation?
Which ribosomal complex recognizes the Shine-Dalgano sequence in prokaryotic translation?
What is the name of the sequence that has been identified by Mr. Shine and Mr. Dalgano?
What is the name of the sequence that has been identified by Mr. Shine and Mr. Dalgano?
What is the role of the 16S ribosomal RNA in prokaryotic translation?
What is the role of the 16S ribosomal RNA in prokaryotic translation?
What is the name of the small ribosomal complex in prokaryotes?
What is the name of the small ribosomal complex in prokaryotes?
What are the players involved in the translation process?
What are the players involved in the translation process?
Which of the following is true about the 70S initiation complex?
Which of the following is true about the 70S initiation complex?
What is the role of initiation factors in translation?
What is the role of initiation factors in translation?
What is the function of the A site in the ribosomal complex?
What is the function of the A site in the ribosomal complex?
What is the specific feature of methionine in prokaryotes?
What is the specific feature of methionine in prokaryotes?
Why are the ribosomal complexes specifically called 30S and 50S?
Why are the ribosomal complexes specifically called 30S and 50S?
What happens to GTP in the formation of the 70S initiation complex?
What happens to GTP in the formation of the 70S initiation complex?
What is the role of the P site in the ribosomal complex?
What is the role of the P site in the ribosomal complex?
What is the role of the E site in the ribosomal complex?
What is the role of the E site in the ribosomal complex?
What is the function of the Shine-Dalgano sequence in translation?
What is the function of the Shine-Dalgano sequence in translation?
Where does the methionine bind in prokaryotes?
Where does the methionine bind in prokaryotes?
Which of the following is responsible for the enzymatic activity of gluing amino acids together in the ribosomal complex?
Which of the following is responsible for the enzymatic activity of gluing amino acids together in the ribosomal complex?
What is the name of the enzyme that performs the gluing of amino acids together in the ribosomal complex?
What is the name of the enzyme that performs the gluing of amino acids together in the ribosomal complex?
What is the function of the A site in the ribosomal complex during translation?
What is the function of the A site in the ribosomal complex during translation?
What is the function of the P site in the ribosomal complex during translation?
What is the function of the P site in the ribosomal complex during translation?
What is the function of the E site in the ribosomal complex during translation?
What is the function of the E site in the ribosomal complex during translation?
What is the name of the specific tRNA that recognizes and binds to the amino acid proline?
What is the name of the specific tRNA that recognizes and binds to the amino acid proline?
What is the term used to describe the bond formed between two amino acids in the ribosomal complex?
What is the term used to describe the bond formed between two amino acids in the ribosomal complex?
What is the role of the enzyme called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
What is the role of the enzyme called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?
What is the term used to describe the site in the ribosomal complex where translation occurs?
What is the term used to describe the site in the ribosomal complex where translation occurs?
What is the term used to describe the process of adding amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain during translation?
What is the term used to describe the process of adding amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain during translation?
Which molecule is responsible for hydrolyzing GDP into GTP, providing the energy for translocation during translation?
Which molecule is responsible for hydrolyzing GDP into GTP, providing the energy for translocation during translation?
What is the role of the ribosomal recycling factor in translation?
What is the role of the ribosomal recycling factor in translation?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the initiation phase of translation?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the initiation phase of translation?
What happens to the uncharged initiation tRNA during translation?
What happens to the uncharged initiation tRNA during translation?
Which molecule is responsible for recognizing and binding to the stop codon during translation termination?
Which molecule is responsible for recognizing and binding to the stop codon during translation termination?
During translation, what is the function of the peptidyl RNA?
During translation, what is the function of the peptidyl RNA?
What is the role of the peptidyl transferase enzyme during translation?
What is the role of the peptidyl transferase enzyme during translation?
What happens during the translocation phase of translation?
What happens during the translocation phase of translation?
What is the role of the P side in the ribosomal complex?
What is the role of the P side in the ribosomal complex?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the ribosomal complex during translation?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the ribosomal complex during translation?
What is the function of the A site in the ribosomal complex during translation?
What is the function of the A site in the ribosomal complex during translation?
What happens to the empty tRNA during translation?
What happens to the empty tRNA during translation?
What is the name of the process that adds amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?
What is the name of the process that adds amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?
Which molecule provides the energy for hydrolyzing the GDP into GTP during translation?
Which molecule provides the energy for hydrolyzing the GDP into GTP during translation?
What is the role of the release factor in translation termination?
What is the role of the release factor in translation termination?
What is the role of the stop codon in translation?
What is the role of the stop codon in translation?
What is the name of the phase where the translation process terminates?
What is the name of the phase where the translation process terminates?
What is the function of the stop codon in translation?
What is the function of the stop codon in translation?
What happens to the polypeptide chain once it is fully synthesized?
What happens to the polypeptide chain once it is fully synthesized?
What is the name of the process that adds amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?
What is the name of the process that adds amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?
Which site in the ribosome is responsible for the release of the uncharged tRNA molecule?
Which site in the ribosome is responsible for the release of the uncharged tRNA molecule?
What usually happens to the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule after translation is completed?
What usually happens to the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule after translation is completed?
What causes the tRNA molecule to leave the ribosome?
What causes the tRNA molecule to leave the ribosome?
What happens to the tRNA molecules after they leave the ribosome?
What happens to the tRNA molecules after they leave the ribosome?
What is the name of the bond between tRNA and an amino acid?
What is the name of the bond between tRNA and an amino acid?
What does the 'A' in the 'A-site' of the ribosome stand for?
What does the 'A' in the 'A-site' of the ribosome stand for?
Are all proteins terminated with a methionine amino acid?
Are all proteins terminated with a methionine amino acid?
What is the correct sequence for the codon that codes for the amino acid proline?
What is the correct sequence for the codon that codes for the amino acid proline?
Is pyridil transferase a protein?
Is pyridil transferase a protein?
What is the name of the bond between tRNA and a minor acid?
What is the name of the bond between tRNA and a minor acid?
During translation, why does the start code for the minus it, but the stop codes don't?
During translation, why does the start code for the minus it, but the stop codes don't?
How does the ribosomal complex move along the M-meshny RNA during elongation?
How does the ribosomal complex move along the M-meshny RNA during elongation?
How is the T-RNA being removed during translation?
How is the T-RNA being removed during translation?
What happens to a T-RNA that is not charged anymore during translation?
What happens to a T-RNA that is not charged anymore during translation?
What is the current understanding of the movement of the M-meshny RNA during translation?
What is the current understanding of the movement of the M-meshny RNA during translation?
What is the role of the start code in translation?
What is the role of the start code in translation?
What is the role of the stop codes in translation?
What is the role of the stop codes in translation?
What is the current understanding of the movement of the ribosomal complex along the M-meshny RNA during elongation?
What is the current understanding of the movement of the ribosomal complex along the M-meshny RNA during elongation?
How does the ribosomal complex move along the M-meshny RNA during translation?
How does the ribosomal complex move along the M-meshny RNA during translation?
What happens to the T-RNA during translation?
What happens to the T-RNA during translation?
Which of the following is a difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation?
Which of the following is a difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation?
What is the role of the Kozak sequence in eukaryotic translation?
What is the role of the Kozak sequence in eukaryotic translation?
What is the function of the initiation factors in eukaryotic translation?
What is the function of the initiation factors in eukaryotic translation?
What is the composition of the poly-A tail in eukaryotic translation?
What is the composition of the poly-A tail in eukaryotic translation?
What happens when the initiation factors are bound to the 5'-accent cap in eukaryotic translation?
What happens when the initiation factors are bound to the 5'-accent cap in eukaryotic translation?
What is the role of the poly-A binding protein complexes in eukaryotic translation?
What is the role of the poly-A binding protein complexes in eukaryotic translation?
What is the function of the 5'-accent cap in eukaryotic translation?
What is the function of the 5'-accent cap in eukaryotic translation?
What is the purpose of the looping between the 5'-accent cap and the poly-A tail in eukaryotic translation?
What is the purpose of the looping between the 5'-accent cap and the poly-A tail in eukaryotic translation?
What is the role of the AUG start codon in eukaryotic translation?
What is the role of the AUG start codon in eukaryotic translation?
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic mRNA molecules?
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic mRNA molecules?
What is the current understanding about the movement of the ribosomal complex along the mRNA during translation?
What is the current understanding about the movement of the ribosomal complex along the mRNA during translation?
Why does the start codon have a different function compared to the stop codons during translation?
Why does the start codon have a different function compared to the stop codons during translation?
How is an uncharged tRNA molecule removed from the ribosome during translation?
How is an uncharged tRNA molecule removed from the ribosome during translation?
What determines the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA during translation?
What determines the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA during translation?
What is the role of the E-site in the ribosome during translation?
What is the role of the E-site in the ribosome during translation?
What is the current understanding about the movement of the ribosomal complex along the mRNA during translation?
What is the current understanding about the movement of the ribosomal complex along the mRNA during translation?
What is the role of the start codon in translation?
What is the role of the start codon in translation?
What is the role of the stop codons in translation?
What is the role of the stop codons in translation?
What is the current understanding about the movement of the ribosomal complex along the mRNA during translation?
What is the current understanding about the movement of the ribosomal complex along the mRNA during translation?
How is an uncharged tRNA molecule removed from the ribosome during translation?
How is an uncharged tRNA molecule removed from the ribosome during translation?
Which ribosomal subunit is present in eukaryotes during translation?
Which ribosomal subunit is present in eukaryotes during translation?
What is the role of the initiation tRNA molecule in eukaryotic translation?
What is the role of the initiation tRNA molecule in eukaryotic translation?
What is the size of the ribosomal complex formed by the small and large ribosomal subunits in eukaryotes?
What is the size of the ribosomal complex formed by the small and large ribosomal subunits in eukaryotes?
What is the function of the scanning process during translation in eukaryotes?
What is the function of the scanning process during translation in eukaryotes?
Which ribosomal subunit is larger in eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes?
Which ribosomal subunit is larger in eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes?
What is the role of the initiation factors in eukaryotic translation?
What is the role of the initiation factors in eukaryotic translation?
What is the size of the small ribosomal subunit in eukaryotes?
What is the size of the small ribosomal subunit in eukaryotes?
What is the role of the 5' cap in eukaryotic translation?
What is the role of the 5' cap in eukaryotic translation?
What is the role of the large ribosomal subunit in eukaryotic translation?
What is the role of the large ribosomal subunit in eukaryotic translation?
What is the size of the large ribosomal subunit in eukaryotes?
What is the size of the large ribosomal subunit in eukaryotes?
What is the function of ribosomes in eukaryotes?
What is the function of ribosomes in eukaryotes?
What is the purpose of polyribosomes in eukaryotes?
What is the purpose of polyribosomes in eukaryotes?
What is the significance of leaky scanning in eukaryotes?
What is the significance of leaky scanning in eukaryotes?
What is the difference between ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What is the difference between ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What type of proteins do ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum synthesize?
What type of proteins do ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum synthesize?
What is the purpose of simultaneous translation in eukaryotes?
What is the purpose of simultaneous translation in eukaryotes?
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis?
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis?
What does leaky scanning refer to in eukaryotic translation?
What does leaky scanning refer to in eukaryotic translation?
What is the purpose of monogestronic translation in eukaryotes?
What is the purpose of monogestronic translation in eukaryotes?
What is the function of ribosomes in prokaryotes?
What is the function of ribosomes in prokaryotes?
Which complex is responsible for scanning the mRNA for the start codon in eukaryotes?
Which complex is responsible for scanning the mRNA for the start codon in eukaryotes?
What is the term used to describe the process of translating an mRNA molecule with a premature stop codon?
What is the term used to describe the process of translating an mRNA molecule with a premature stop codon?
Why does nonsense mediated mRNA decay exist?
Why does nonsense mediated mRNA decay exist?
What happens if an mRNA molecule undergoes abnormal splicing and contains a premature stop codon?
What happens if an mRNA molecule undergoes abnormal splicing and contains a premature stop codon?
What is the role of the splicing complexes in eukaryotes?
What is the role of the splicing complexes in eukaryotes?
What is the consequence of abnormal splicing in mRNA molecules?
What is the consequence of abnormal splicing in mRNA molecules?
What is the function of the start codon in the genetic code?
What is the function of the start codon in the genetic code?
What is the consequence of a premature stop codon in an mRNA molecule?
What is the consequence of a premature stop codon in an mRNA molecule?
What is the term used to describe the process of removing introns from mRNA?
What is the term used to describe the process of removing introns from mRNA?
Why is it important to prevent the translation of abnormal proteins?
Why is it important to prevent the translation of abnormal proteins?
What is the function of UPF proteins in translation?
What is the function of UPF proteins in translation?
How do microRNAs regulate translation in eukaryotes?
How do microRNAs regulate translation in eukaryotes?
What is the purpose of sequestration bodies in the cell?
What is the purpose of sequestration bodies in the cell?
What is the role of the poly-A tail on messenger RNA?
What is the role of the poly-A tail on messenger RNA?
How do microRNAs inhibit the ribosomal complex during translation?
How do microRNAs inhibit the ribosomal complex during translation?
What happens when the poly-A tail on messenger RNA is de-adenylated?
What happens when the poly-A tail on messenger RNA is de-adenylated?
What is the main function of microRNAs in translation?
What is the main function of microRNAs in translation?
Why is sequestration of messenger RNA molecules important in the cell?
Why is sequestration of messenger RNA molecules important in the cell?
What is the effect of microRNAs on the translation process?
What is the effect of microRNAs on the translation process?
What is the significance of premature stop codon recognition by UPF proteins?
What is the significance of premature stop codon recognition by UPF proteins?
Which part of the mRNA molecule is the 5'-cent cap located?
Which part of the mRNA molecule is the 5'-cent cap located?
What is the function of the 5'-cent cap in mRNA?
What is the function of the 5'-cent cap in mRNA?
What is the role of the rough ER in protein synthesis?
What is the role of the rough ER in protein synthesis?
What is the difference between translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What is the difference between translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What will be discussed in the second part of the lecture?
What will be discussed in the second part of the lecture?
What is the role of tRNA during translation?
What is the role of tRNA during translation?
What is the function of the 3'-cent poly-A tail in mRNA?
What is the function of the 3'-cent poly-A tail in mRNA?
What is the significance of the 5'-cent cap and the 3'-cent poly-A tail in mRNA?
What is the significance of the 5'-cent cap and the 3'-cent poly-A tail in mRNA?
What is the function of the stop codon in translation?
What is the function of the stop codon in translation?
What is the function of the start codon in translation?
What is the function of the start codon in translation?
What is the approximate number of different proteins that can be produced from the 23,000 protein coding genes in human beings?
What is the approximate number of different proteins that can be produced from the 23,000 protein coding genes in human beings?
What is the role of eukaryotic RNA in the production of different proteins?
What is the role of eukaryotic RNA in the production of different proteins?
How can different proteins be produced from a single messenger RNA molecule?
How can different proteins be produced from a single messenger RNA molecule?
How do the functions of proteins depend on their folding?
How do the functions of proteins depend on their folding?
What is the purpose of microRNAs in the storage of messenger RNA molecules?
What is the purpose of microRNAs in the storage of messenger RNA molecules?
Where does the ribosome first attach during eukaryotic translation?
Where does the ribosome first attach during eukaryotic translation?
What is the function of EF4F in translation?
What is the function of EF4F in translation?
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation?
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation?
How is collision prevented when multiple ribosomes are working on the same RNA?
How is collision prevented when multiple ribosomes are working on the same RNA?
Is the presence of a stop codon always a mistake in mRNA splicing?
Is the presence of a stop codon always a mistake in mRNA splicing?
Which process is involved in the regulation of translation by microRNAs?
Which process is involved in the regulation of translation by microRNAs?
What happens when there is no polyethyl present during translation?
What happens when there is no polyethyl present during translation?
Where can messenger RNA molecules be stored in the cell?
Where can messenger RNA molecules be stored in the cell?
What is the term used to describe the regulation of translation by microRNAs?
What is the term used to describe the regulation of translation by microRNAs?
When does translation stop?
When does translation stop?
What is the function of microRNAs in translation?
What is the function of microRNAs in translation?
What is the role of the 5'-end cap in eukaryotic translation?
What is the role of the 5'-end cap in eukaryotic translation?
What is the final part of the translation process involving microRNAs?
What is the final part of the translation process involving microRNAs?
What is the effect of microRNAs on messenger RNA molecules?
What is the effect of microRNAs on messenger RNA molecules?
What is the role of polyadenylation in translation?
What is the role of polyadenylation in translation?
Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic transcription?
Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic transcription?
What is the difference between leaky scanning and polycistronic?
What is the difference between leaky scanning and polycistronic?
What is the function of microRNAs in translation?
What is the function of microRNAs in translation?
What is the role of ribosomes in prokaryotic translation?
What is the role of ribosomes in prokaryotic translation?
What is the consequence of abnormal splicing in mRNA molecules?
What is the consequence of abnormal splicing in mRNA molecules?
What is the function of the poly-A binding protein complexes in eukaryotic translation?
What is the function of the poly-A binding protein complexes in eukaryotic translation?
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation?
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation?
What is the function of the start codon in translation?
What is the function of the start codon in translation?
What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
How are multiple genes translated at once in prokaryotes?
How are multiple genes translated at once in prokaryotes?
