15 Questions
Match the following nitrogenous bases with their respective abbreviations:
Adenine = A Guanine = G Thymine = T Cytosine = C
Match the following sugars with the type of nucleic acid they are found in:
Ribose = RNA 2-deoxyribose = DNA D-ribose = RNA 2-deoxy-D-ribose = DNA
Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:
Nucleoside = Base + Sugar Nucleotide = Base + Sugar + Phosphate Beta-glycosidic linkage = Bond between base and sugar Furanose form = Five-membered ring form of nucleotides
Match the following nucleoside examples with their respective names:
Cytidine = Cytosine + Sugar Uridine = Uracil + Sugar Adenosine = Adenine + Sugar Guanosine = Guanine + Sugar
Match the following bases with the type of nucleic acid they are found in:
A, G, C, T = DNA A, G, C, U = RNA Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine = DNA Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil = RNA
What is the primary function of lysosomes in cells?
Lysosomes serve as digestion compartments for cellular materials that have exceeded their lifetime or are otherwise no longer useful by autophagy.
During which process do lysosomes digest embryonic tissues in amphibians and tunicates?
Metamorphosis
What happens to the lysosomal membrane when a cell dies?
The lysosome membrane ruptures and enzymes are liberated.
In which cellular organelles are lysosomes absent?
Lysosomes are absent in bacteria and mature mammalian erythrocytes.
What is the size range of lysosomes?
Lysosomes are $0.2$ to $0.5\mu m$ in size.
Describe the structure of lysosomes.
Lysosomes are round vacuolar structures bounded by a single unit membrane.
Why is the identification of lysosomes difficult?
Since the size and shape of lysosomes vary from cell to cell and time to time (they are polymorphic), their identification becomes difficult.
In which cells are lysosomes particularly abundant?
Leucocytes, especially granulocytes, are a particularly rich source of lysosomes.
What is the role of lysosomes in destroying foreign matter?
Lysosomes destroy cells or foreign matter that the cell has engulfed by phagocytosis.
What happens to the Golgi vesicle membrane during cell plate formation?
The unit membrane of Golgi vesicles fuses during cell plate formation and becomes part of the plasma membrane of daughter cells.
Explore the structures and properties of amino acids, including their ionization states, abbreviations, functional groups, and pKa values. Learn about different categories of amino acids such as non-aromatic, sulfur-containing, acidic, basic, aromatic, and imino acids. Understand how protein chains are held together by peptide bonds.
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