30 Questions
What is an attribute in a class?
A property of a class that describes the range of values it may hold
How are one-word attribute names typically written?
In lowercase letters
What is the convention for multi-word attribute names?
First word lowercase, subsequent words start with uppercase letters
How is an object's name represented in relation to its class?
Precedes the class name preceded by a colon
What does a UML diagram enable you to specify for attributes?
Both the type and default value
How many attributes can a class have according to the text?
Zero or more attributes in a class
What is represented by boxes at the top of a sequence diagram?
Objects
During what time period does an object exist in a sequence diagram?
Lifeline
What type of message requires the caller to wait for the receiving object to finish executing the operation?
Synchronous message
Which type of message does not require the sender to wait for the recipient to handle the message?
Simple message
What is a simple message in a sequence diagram?
A message transferring control from sender to recipient without communication details
What aspect of a sequence diagram involves the time during which an object performs an operation?
Lifeline
What is a multivalued attribute?
An attribute that has more than one value for each entity instance
What is a repeating group in a database model?
A set of two or more multivalued attributes that are logically related
What does double lines in an ER diagram indicate?
A strong entity connected to a weak entity
In what scenario can a weak entity exist?
With at least one relationship to a strong entity
What is the difference between representing dependents as multivalued attributes and as separate entities?
Dependents as separate entities allows for easier data retrieval
Why do weak entities require an identifying relationship with a strong entity?
To ensure referential integrity of the data
What term describes the process by which a product or service initially takes root at the bottom of a market and then displaces established competitors?
Disruptive Innovation
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of disruptive technologies?
Inhibit organizations from making radical business changes
What does Agile usage-centered design primarily focus on?
User goals, roles, and tasks
In the traditional Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), how are users involved in the design and implementation phase compared to Agile methodologies?
Users are deeply involved in design and implementation
What is the main focus of 'The Planning Game' based on eXtreme programming?
Exploration, steering, commitment
What is a key aspect of Requirements Determination using Agile Methodologies?
Focus on continual user involvement
What is the key activity of project planning?
Defining clear, discrete activities
Why is project initiation planning (PIP) considered challenging?
It involves significant effort in organizing a team
Who is responsible for performing the project initiation process?
Project initiation team
What is the focus of establishing a project initiation plan?
Defining clear activities
Which phase focuses on organizing a team to conduct project planning?
Project initiation
What must be considered when deciding on the division between project initiation and planning and analysis?
Effort in PIP process
Study Notes
Class and Attributes
- A class is defined with attributes, which are properties that describe the class
- Attributes have a name and a type (e.g., string, integer)
- Attributes can have default values
- Every object of the class has a specific value for every attribute
UML Notation
- Attribute names are written in lowercase letters, with multiple words joined and capitalized
- Attribute types can be specified in UML notation (e.g., string, integer, Boolean)
- Default values can be specified for attributes
Sequence Diagrams
- Sequence diagrams show objects and their interactions over time
- Objects are represented by boxes at the top of the diagram
- Lifelines represent the time period during which an object exists
- Messages are used for objects to communicate with each other
- Activation represents the time period during which an object performs an operation
Message Types
- Synchronous message: the caller waits for the receiving object to finish executing the operation
- Asynchronous message: the sender does not wait for the recipient to handle the message
- Simple message: transfers control from the sender to the recipient without describing the details of the communication
Attribute Types
- Multivalued attribute: can take on more than one value for each entity instance
- Repeating group: a set of two or more multivalued attributes that are logically related
Disruptive Innovation
- Disruptive innovation: a process where a product or service starts at the bottom of a market and moves up, eventually displacing established competitors
- Disruptive technologies: enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes
Agile Methodologies
- Continual user involvement: users are involved throughout the development process
- Iterative analyze–design–code–test cycle: replaces traditional SDLC waterfall approach
- Agile usage-centered design: focuses on user goals, roles, and tasks
Project Initiation and Planning
- Project initiation: focuses on organizing a team to conduct project planning
- Project planning: defines clear, discrete activities and the work needed to complete each activity
- Key considerations for project initiation and planning include:
- Who is responsible for performing the PIP process?
- How much effort should be expended on the PIP process?
- What must be considered when making the decision on the division between project initiation and planning?
Explore the concepts of multivalued attributes and repeating groups in the context of database design. Learn about the notation for representing multivalued attributes with curly braces and identifying identifiers within a database schema.
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