Chapter 7 Test - Ionic Compounds and Metals
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Questions and Answers

What is an alloy?

  • A mixture of elements with non-metallic properties
  • A mixture of elements that has metallic properties (correct)
  • The simplest ratio of ions in a compound
  • An ion with a positive charge

What is an anion?

An ion that has a negative charge

What is a cation?

An ion that has a positive charge

What is a chemical bond?

<p>The force that holds two atoms together</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crystal lattice?

<p>A three-dimensional geometric arrangement of particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are delocalized electrons?

<p>Electrons involved in metallic bonding that can move freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an electrolyte?

<p>An ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the electron sea model describe?

<p>The contribution of valence electrons from metal atoms in a metallic solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a formula unit?

<p>The simplest ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ionic bond?

<p>The electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ionic compounds?

<p>Compounds that contain ionic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lattice energy?

<p>The energy required to separate one mole of the ions of an ionic compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a metallic bond?

<p>The attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a monatomic ion?

<p>An ion formed from only one atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an oxidation number?

<p>The positive or negative charge of a monatomic ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an oxyanion?

<p>A polyatomic ion composed of an element bonded to one or more oxygen atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a polyatomic ion?

<p>An ion made up of two or more atoms that acts as a single unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alloy

A mixture of metals, either substitutional (similar sizes) or interstitial (small atoms fit between larger ones).

Anion

A negatively charged ion crucial for forming ionic compounds.

Chemical Bond

A force that holds atoms together, either through positive-negative ion attraction (ionic bond) or nuclear-electron attraction (covalent bond).

Ionic Bond

The electrostatic force of attraction between positively and negatively charged ions in ionic compounds.

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Metallic Bond

The attraction between metallic cations and delocalized electrons, contributing to metallic properties.

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Crystal Lattice

A three-dimensional arrangement of ions where each positive ion is surrounded by negative ions, influencing the compound's shape.

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Lattice Energy

The energy needed to separate one mole of ionic compound ions; it's affected by ion size and charge.

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Delocalized Electrons

Electrons that freely move among metal atoms, a characteristic of metallic bonding.

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Electron Sea Model

A concept describing how valence electrons are shared among metal atoms, explaining malleability, conductivity, and ductility of metals.

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Formula Unit

The simplest ratio of ions in an ionic compound, signifying its composition.

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Monatomic Ion

An ion formed from a single atom, carrying a charge based on electron loss or gain.

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Polyatomic Ion

A group of two or more atoms bonded together carrying a net charge, common in various compounds.

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Oxyanion

A specific type of polyatomic ion consisting of a nonmetal element bonded to oxygen atoms.

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Electrolyte

An ionic compound that conducts electricity when dissolved in water, crucial for many chemical applications.

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Oxidation Number

The charge of a monatomic ion, indicating how many electrons have been lost or gained during ion formation.

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Ionic Compounds

Formed by ionic bonds, these compounds exhibit unique properties due to the strong attractions between their constituent ions.

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Study Notes

Definitions of Key Terms in Ionic Compounds and Metals

  • Alloy: A metallic mixture, can be substitutional (similar atom sizes) or interstitial (smaller atoms fit between larger ones).
  • Anion: A negatively charged ion essential for forming ionic compounds.
  • Cation: A positively charged ion that plays a crucial role in ionic bonding.

Bonding Concepts

  • Chemical Bond: A force holding atoms together through positive-negative ion attraction or nuclear-electron attraction.
  • Ionic Bond: The electrostatic force between positively and negatively charged ions in ionic compounds.
  • Metallic Bond: Attraction between metallic cations and delocalized electrons, contributing to metallic properties.

Structural Characteristics

  • Crystal Lattice: A three-dimensional arrangement of ions where each positive ion is surrounded by negative ions, affecting the compound's shape.
  • Lattice Energy: The energy needed to separate one mole of ionic compound ions; influenced by ion size and charge.

Unique Electron Properties

  • Delocalized Electrons: Electrons that freely move among metal atoms, characteristic of metallic bonding.
  • Electron Sea Model: Concept that describes how valence electrons are shared among metal atoms, explaining malleability, conductivity, and ductility of metals.

Types of Ions

  • Formula Unit: The simplest ratio of ions in an ionic compound, providing insight into its composition.
  • Monatomic Ion: An ion formed from a single atom, carrying a charge based on electron loss or gain.
  • Polyatomic Ion: A group of two or more atoms bonded together that carries a net charge, common in various compounds.
  • Oxyanion: A specific type of polyatomic ion consisting of a nonmetal element bonded to oxygen atoms.

Other Important Concepts

  • Electrolyte: An ionic compound that conducts electricity when dissolved in water, highlighting its importance in chemical applications.
  • Oxidation Number: The charge of a monatomic ion, indicating how many electrons have been lost or gained during ion formation.
  • Ionic Compounds: Formed by ionic bonds, these compounds exhibit unique properties due to the strong attractions between their constituent ions.

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Test your understanding of ionic compounds and metals with this flashcard quiz. Dive into terms like alloys, anions, and cations to reinforce your knowledge. Perfect for students studying chemistry and looking to prepare for their exams.

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