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What is one advantage of static routing over dynamic routing?
What is one advantage of static routing over dynamic routing?
Which statement best describes a floating static route?
Which statement best describes a floating static route?
What is required when configuring an IPv4 static route?
What is required when configuring an IPv4 static route?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of static routing?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of static routing?
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What is the purpose of configuring a summary static route?
What is the purpose of configuring a summary static route?
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What is one of the primary uses for static routing?
What is one of the primary uses for static routing?
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What does a default static route specify in routing tables?
What does a default static route specify in routing tables?
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Which statement accurately describes a stub network?
Which statement accurately describes a stub network?
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What is the role of a summary static route?
What is the role of a summary static route?
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What is the purpose of a floating static route?
What is the purpose of a floating static route?
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How is a next-hop static route defined?
How is a next-hop static route defined?
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What characterizes a fully specified static route?
What characterizes a fully specified static route?
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In which scenario would R1 use a floating static route?
In which scenario would R1 use a floating static route?
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Which option represents a directly attached static route?
Which option represents a directly attached static route?
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What is the purpose of a static route when using a multi-access interface?
What is the purpose of a static route when using a multi-access interface?
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Which command is NOT used to verify static routes?
Which command is NOT used to verify static routes?
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What is the main purpose of route summarization?
What is the main purpose of route summarization?
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What differentiates a floating static route from a regular static route?
What differentiates a floating static route from a regular static route?
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What must be true about the next hop in a static route associated with a multi-access interface?
What must be true about the next hop in a static route associated with a multi-access interface?
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Static routes are automatically learned using a dynamic routing protocol.
Static routes are automatically learned using a dynamic routing protocol.
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Static routing can provide better security due to routes not being advertised over the network.
Static routing can provide better security due to routes not being advertised over the network.
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Static routes consume more CPU cycles compared to dynamic routing protocols.
Static routes consume more CPU cycles compared to dynamic routing protocols.
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The path a static route uses to send data remains unknown, unlike dynamic routes.
The path a static route uses to send data remains unknown, unlike dynamic routes.
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Configuring an IPv4 default route is not a part of static routing implementation.
Configuring an IPv4 default route is not a part of static routing implementation.
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Static routing is best suited for small networks that are not expected to grow significantly.
Static routing is best suited for small networks that are not expected to grow significantly.
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A default static route uses the destination IPv4 address of 255.255.255.255.
A default static route uses the destination IPv4 address of 255.255.255.255.
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Static routing can scale effectively in large networks without requiring administrator intervention.
Static routing can scale effectively in large networks without requiring administrator intervention.
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A stub network is accessed by multiple routes from different routers.
A stub network is accessed by multiple routes from different routers.
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Static routes can be used to create a backup route if a primary route link fails.
Static routes can be used to create a backup route if a primary route link fails.
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A floating static route is always used, regardless of the availability of the primary route.
A floating static route is always used, regardless of the availability of the primary route.
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In a fully specified static route, only the exit interface is required to be specified.
In a fully specified static route, only the exit interface is required to be specified.
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The administrative distance of a floating static route is lower than that of a primary route.
The administrative distance of a floating static route is lower than that of a primary route.
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For a next-hop static route, the router must look for a match for both the next-hop IP address and the destination.
For a next-hop static route, the router must look for a match for both the next-hop IP address and the destination.
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A directly attached static route specifies both the next-hop IP address and the exit interface.
A directly attached static route specifies both the next-hop IP address and the exit interface.
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A default static route is used to specify a specific path for all outbound traffic.
A default static route is used to specify a specific path for all outbound traffic.
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Route summarization is the practice of advertising multiple addresses as a single less-specific address.
Route summarization is the practice of advertising multiple addresses as a single less-specific address.
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Floating static routes have a lower administrative distance than dynamic routing protocols.
Floating static routes have a lower administrative distance than dynamic routing protocols.
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The command 'show ip route network' can be used to verify static routes.
The command 'show ip route network' can be used to verify static routes.
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In a multi-access interface, the next hop must not be directly connected to the specified exit interface.
In a multi-access interface, the next hop must not be directly connected to the specified exit interface.
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Study Notes
Chapter 7: Static Routing
- Static routing involves manually adding routes to a router's routing table.
- Routers can learn about remote networks manually (static routes) or automatically (dynamic routing protocols).
- Static routes provide better security than dynamic routing because the routes aren't advertised on the network.
- Static routes also use fewer CPU cycles and bandwidth than dynamic routing protocols.
- Static routing is not suitable for large networks or networks that frequently change, as the administrator must manually update the routes.
- Static routes are suitable for smaller networks or when the network topology is constant.
Objectives
- Explain the advantages and disadvantages of static routing.
- Explain the purpose of different types of static routes.
- Configure IPv4 static routes by specifying a next-hop address.
- Configure IPv4 default routes.
- Configure an IPv4 summary network address to reduce the number of routing table updates.
- Configure a floating static route to provide a backup connection.
- Explain how a router processes packets when a static route is configured.
- Troubleshoot common static and default route configuration issues.
Static Route Applications
- Connect to a specific network.
- Provide a Gateway of Last Resort for a stub network (a network that only has one connection to another network).
- Reduce the number of routes advertised by summarizing several contiguous networks as one static route.
- Create a backup route in case a primary route link fails.
Standard Static Route
- Static routes are used to reach a stub network.
- In the example diagram (page 10), a static route is utilized to enable direct communication to a stub network.
- No dynamic routing protocol needs to be utilized to reach the stub network.
Default Static Route
- A default static route matches all packets that do not match a more specific route.
- The default route identifies the gateway IP address to which the router sends all IP packets without a specific route.
- It uses 0.0.0.0/0 as the destination IP address.
Summary Static Route
- A summary static route can be used to represent multiple networks using a single route.
- The example on page 12 shows how four separate networks (172.21.0.0/16, 172.20.0.0/16, 172.23.0.0/16, and 172.22.0.0/16), can be represented by the single summary route 172.20.0.0/14.
- This reduces the number of routes in the routing table.
- Using a summary route significantly reduces the size of the routing table.
Floating Static Route
- Used as a backup route for other static or dynamically learned routes.
- A floating static route is only used when the primary route is unavailable.
- In cases of a failure of a primary route. a floating route will be used instead.
- To accomplish this, the floating static route is configured with a higher administrative distance than the primary route.
Configure IPv4 Static Routes
- The
ip routecommand is used to configure static routes. - The command syntax is
ip route network-address subnet-mask {ip-address | exit-intf}, where:-
network-addressis the destination network address. -
subnet-maskis the subnet mask of the destination network. -
{ip-address | exit-intf}specifies either the next-hop IP address or the output interface.
-
Configure IPv4 Static Routes: Next-Hop Options
- Next-hop route (recursive): Only the next-hop IP address is specified.
- Directly attached (connected) static route: Only the router exit interface is specified.
- Fully specified static route: The next-hop IP address and exit interface are both specified.
Verify Static Routes
- Commands such as
show ip route,show ip route static, andshow ip route networkcan be used to verify static routes. -
pingandtracerouteare useful for verifying connectivity.
Configure IPv4 Default Routes
- A default static route matches any network, using the command
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 {ip-address | exit-intf}.
Configure IPv4 Summary Routes
- Route summarization, also known as aggregation, combines multiple network addresses into a single address with a less-specific subnet mask, reducing route table entries.
Troubleshoot Static Routes
- Common IOS troubleshooting commands like ping, traceroute, show ip route, show ip interface brief, and show cdp neighbors detail help diagnose problems with missing routes.
Chapter 7 Summary
- Static routes are manually configured using an IP address as the next-hop router.
- Resolving next-hop IP to an interface is done by the routing table process.
- Point-to-point serial links benefit from using the exit interface to configure static routes.
- Multi-access networks like Ethernet can configure a static route using an exit interface and a next-hop IP address.
- Static routes default administrative distance is 1.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of static routing, including its advantages and disadvantages, as well as configuration techniques for IPv4 static routes. Test your understanding of how static routing can provide security and efficiency for network management. Ideal for those studying networking fundamentals.
