Chapter 7 - Design and Implementation
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Millise avhne, avto avazhen? (Valjagav kudez'to?)

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 7 - Design and Implementation

    • Software design and implementation is a phase in software engineering where an executable software system is developed.
    • Design and implementation activities are interconnected.
    • Identifying software components and their relationships based on customer requirements is a creative design activity.
    • Implementation is the process of creating the program from the design.
    • COTS (Commercial-off-the-shelf) systems allow tailoring to user needs in various domains.
    • Medical records systems can be implemented using existing packages, reducing development time and cost.
    • When using COTS, design focuses on adapting configurations to meet user requirements.
    • Object-oriented design involves creating multiple system models, requiring significant development and maintenance effort.
    • Design models are important for communication in large, multi-team projects.

    Process Stages

    • Several object-oriented design processes exist, with variations depending on organizational needs.
    • Typical activities involve defining system context and use, system architecture design, identifying key objects, developing design models, and specifying object interfaces.

    Context and Interaction Models

    • A system context model graphically represents other systems in the environment of the system being built.
    • An interaction model demonstrates how the system interacts with other aspects of its environment.

    Architectural Design

    • Once system and environment interaction is understood, system architecture can be designed.
    • Key components of the system and their interactions can be organized using architectural patterns like layered or client-server models.

    High-Level Architecture of a Weather Station

    • A diagram illustrates a high-level architecture for a weather station, showing subsystems for fault management, configuration management, power management, communication, data collection, and instruments.

    Object Class Identification

    • Identifying object classes during object-oriented design can be challenging.
    • No formula exists; skill, experience, and domain knowledge are necessary.
    • Object identification is often an iterative process.

    Design Models

    • Design models illustrate objects, object classes, and their relationships.
    • Two main types include structural models describing system structure in terms of object classes and relationships and dynamic models illustrating dynamic object interactions.

    Examples of Design Models

    • Subsystem models group objects into packages.
    • Sequence models illustrate the order of object interactions.
    • State machine models demonstrate how individual objects transition between states in response to events.

    Design Patterns

    • Design patterns are methods for reusing abstract knowledge about problems and solutions.
    • Patterns detail problems, solutions, and the core concepts.
    • Patterns are sufficiently abstract to be reused in various contexts.
    • Descriptors use object-oriented concepts like inheritance and polymorphism.

    Pattern Elements

    • Names identify patterns meaningfully.
    • Problem descriptions articulate contexts.
    • Solutions provide patterns.
    • Consequences explain outcomes and trade-offs.

    Implementation Issues

    • Focus is on implementation aspects beyond programming techniques, including reuse, configuration management, and host-target development.
    • Modern software often reuses existing components or systems.
    • Configuration management tracks software component versions throughout development.
    • Production software often runs on different hardware (host vs. target systems).

    Open Source Development

    • Open source development involves publishing source code, permitting volunteer participation in the building process.
    • Roots lie in the Free Software Foundation (FSF).
    • Source code should be freely available for examination and modification.

    Open Source Systems

    • Linux is the best-known open-source operating system, frequently used for servers and desktops.
    • Other prominent examples include Java, Apache web servers, and MySQL database management systems.

    Open Source Business

    • Companies increasingly use open-source development approaches.
    • Believing in community involvement for quicker, cheaper development.

    Open Source Licensing

    • Open-source development principles emphasize free availability of source code.
    • Developers retain legal ownership, setting constraints via open-source licenses.
    • Some developers favor open-source components for entire systems.
    • Others allow their components to be used without limitations.

    Key Points

    • Software design and implementation are inter-related.
    • Object-oriented design involves system architecture, object identification, design modeling, and interface documentation.
    • Diverse models are created during an object-oriented process.
    • Software reuse is a standard practice during development.
    • Open-source development makes source code widely accessible.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the crucial phase of software design and implementation in software engineering. It covers the relationship between design activities and their execution, along with the use of COTS systems and object-oriented design principles. Understanding these concepts is essential for developing effective software systems that meet user requirements.

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