Chapter 5: DNA Replication, Repair, and Transposons Part 3

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What is the process by which a double-strand break is restored?

Nonhomologous end joining (correct)

Homologous recombination

Transposition

Conservative Site-Specific Recombination

What type of transposons move by replicating themselves?

Some DNA-only transposons (correct)

Nonretroviral retrotransposons

Retroviral-like retrotransposons

DNA-only transposons

What is the main function of the 'transposase' in a transposon?

To remove the transposon from the DNA

To move the transposon to a new location

To replicate the transposon

To cause the transposon to insert into a new DNA (correct)

What is the role of DNA-only transposons in bacteria?

To cause the spread of antibiotic resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between retroviral-like retrotransposons and retroviruses?

Retroviral-like retrotransposons cannot move from cell to cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of the human genome composed of nonretroviral retrotransposons?

A large fraction Signup and view all the answers

What would occur if DNA damage is not repaired?

DNA sequences would rapidly change Signup and view all the answers

How do DNA-only transposons move by a cut-and-paste mechanism?

By duplicating themselves at the insertion site Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transposons in some vertebrates?

To develop the immune system Signup and view all the answers

What type of DNA damage occurs due to exposure to UV light?

Pyrimidine dimer Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organism is more prone to mutations due to DNA damage?

Organisms with single-strand DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a double-strand break in DNA?

The breakdown of chromosomes into small fragments Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the complementary strand in DNA repair?

It remains intact and restores the correct nucleotide Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of uncleared thymine dimers?

The deletion of one of the base pairs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the addition of a methyl or ethyl group to DNA?

Alkylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of DNA damage on the cell cycle?

It delays the progression of the cell cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of movement for DNA-only transposons?

Replicating and moving to a new position Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA virus does not require a primer to make a complementary RNA copy?

SARS-CoV-2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of synthesis for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA?

3'-to-5' Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the replicase complex in SARS-CoV-2?

Replication of viral RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of retroviral-like retrotransposons?

Cannot move from cell to cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between retroviral-like retrotransposons and retroviruses?

The ability to move from cell to cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of nonretroviral retrotransposons?

Make up a large fraction of the human genome Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main subclasses of nonretroviral retrotransposons?

LINEs and SINEs Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme encoded by the mRNA of retroviral-like retrotransposons?

Reverse transcriptase and integrase Signup and view all the answers

Chapter 5: DNA Replication, Repair, and Transposons Part 3

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Questions and Answers

What is the process by which a double-strand break is restored?

What type of transposons move by replicating themselves?

What is the main function of the 'transposase' in a transposon?

What is the role of DNA-only transposons in bacteria?

What is the main difference between retroviral-like retrotransposons and retroviruses?

What is the percentage of the human genome composed of nonretroviral retrotransposons?

What would occur if DNA damage is not repaired?

How do DNA-only transposons move by a cut-and-paste mechanism?

What is the function of transposons in some vertebrates?

What type of DNA damage occurs due to exposure to UV light?

Which type of organism is more prone to mutations due to DNA damage?

What is the result of a double-strand break in DNA?

What is the role of the complementary strand in DNA repair?

What is the result of uncleared thymine dimers?

What is the term for the addition of a methyl or ethyl group to DNA?

What is the effect of DNA damage on the cell cycle?

What is the primary mechanism of movement for DNA-only transposons?

Which type of RNA virus does not require a primer to make a complementary RNA copy?

What is the direction of synthesis for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA?

What is the role of the replicase complex in SARS-CoV-2?

What is the characteristic of retroviral-like retrotransposons?

What is the main difference between retroviral-like retrotransposons and retroviruses?

What is the characteristic of nonretroviral retrotransposons?

What are the two main subclasses of nonretroviral retrotransposons?

What is the enzyme encoded by the mRNA of retroviral-like retrotransposons?

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