Chapter 5: DNA Replication, Repair, and Transposons Part 3
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Chapter 5: DNA Replication, Repair, and Transposons Part 3

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Questions and Answers

What is the process by which a double-strand break is restored?

  • Nonhomologous end joining (correct)
  • Homologous recombination
  • Transposition
  • Conservative Site-Specific Recombination

    • What type of transposons move by replicating themselves?

  • Some DNA-only transposons (correct)
  • Nonretroviral retrotransposons
  • Retroviral-like retrotransposons
  • DNA-only transposons

    • What is the main function of the 'transposase' in a transposon?

  • To remove the transposon from the DNA
  • To move the transposon to a new location
  • To replicate the transposon
  • To cause the transposon to insert into a new DNA (correct)

    • What is the role of DNA-only transposons in bacteria?

    <p>To cause the spread of antibiotic resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between retroviral-like retrotransposons and retroviruses?

    <p>Retroviral-like retrotransposons cannot move from cell to cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of the human genome composed of nonretroviral retrotransposons?

    <p>A large fraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would occur if DNA damage is not repaired?

    <p>DNA sequences would rapidly change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do DNA-only transposons move by a cut-and-paste mechanism?

    <p>By duplicating themselves at the insertion site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transposons in some vertebrates?

    <p>To develop the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of DNA damage occurs due to exposure to UV light?

    <p>Pyrimidine dimer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organism is more prone to mutations due to DNA damage?

    <p>Organisms with single-strand DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a double-strand break in DNA?

    <p>The breakdown of chromosomes into small fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the complementary strand in DNA repair?

    <p>It remains intact and restores the correct nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of uncleared thymine dimers?

    <p>The deletion of one of the base pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the addition of a methyl or ethyl group to DNA?

    <p>Alkylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of DNA damage on the cell cycle?

    <p>It delays the progression of the cell cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of movement for DNA-only transposons?

    <p>Replicating and moving to a new position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA virus does not require a primer to make a complementary RNA copy?

    <p>SARS-CoV-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of synthesis for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA?

    <p>3'-to-5'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the replicase complex in SARS-CoV-2?

    <p>Replication of viral RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of retroviral-like retrotransposons?

    <p>Cannot move from cell to cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between retroviral-like retrotransposons and retroviruses?

    <p>The ability to move from cell to cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of nonretroviral retrotransposons?

    <p>Make up a large fraction of the human genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main subclasses of nonretroviral retrotransposons?

    <p>LINEs and SINEs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme encoded by the mRNA of retroviral-like retrotransposons?

    <p>Reverse transcriptase and integrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

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