18 Questions
What are the main causes of DNA breaks?
Ionizing radiation, thermal disruption, industrial chemicals, and environmental chemicals
What is the role of DNA repair molecules in the repair process?
They bind at or near the damage site and induce a cascade of reactions to allow DNA repair to take place
What type of DNA damage is caused by chemicals or radiation?
Single strand breaks
What is the main function of base excision repair?
To repair damage caused by oxidation, alkylation, hydrolysis, or deamination
What are the key enzymes involved in base excision repair?
DNA glycosylase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase
When does base excision repair take place?
All the time
What is the characteristic of Bloom's syndrome?
Sunlight hypersensitivity and high incidence of malignancies, such as leukemia
What is the association between inherited mutations in DNA repair genes and cancer?
Strongly associated with high cancer risks
What is the role of BRACA1 and BRACA2 in relation to cancer?
Associated with breast cancer and multiple DNA repair pathways
How do cancer therapies, such as chemo- and radio-therapy, work?
By overwhelming the cell's capacity to repair DNA damage, leading to cell death
What is the goal of modern cancer treatments?
To localize DNA damage to cancer cells and tissues using physical or biochemical means
What is the balance that cancer cells must maintain?
The balance between DNA repair and DNA damage
What type of repair occurs immediately after DNA replication and involves the removal of an extensive region up to the next GATC-sequence in the new strand?
MIS-MATCH REPAIR
What is the primary mechanism of repair for double strand breaks, but is prone to error and mutagenesis?
NON-HOMOLOGOUS END JOINING REPAIR
What type of repair uses enzymes that normally perform genetic recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION REPAIR
What is the result of errors in the NON-HOMOLOGOUS END JOINING REPAIR system?
Development of cancer and immunodeficiency syndromes
What is the primary cause of double strand breaks in DNA?
High energy radiation or oxidative free radicals
What is the function of GATC-endonuclease in MIS-MATCH REPAIR?
Removal of an extensive region up to the next GATC-sequence in the new strand
Test your understanding of DNA repair mechanisms, including transcription-coupled repair and mismatch repair. Learn about the enzymes involved and how they correct errors in DNA replication and recombination.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
