Chapter 5: Circulatory System and Blood Composition
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the circulatory system?

  • Regulating body temperature
  • Absorbing oxygen
  • transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other essential substances to cells throughout the body and to remove waste products, such as carbon dioxide and metabolic byproducts, from those cells (correct)
  • Producing red blood cells

    • Which organs are responsible for absorbing nutrients from the environment?

  • Heart
  • Kidneys
  • Digestive system (correct)
  • Respiratory system

    • What is one of the functions of blood as highlighted in the text?

  • Producing antibodies against infections
  • Producing hormones for cell growth
  • Absorbing toxins from the environment
  • Maintaining ion concentration of the body fluids (correct)

    • Why is blood considered important in maintaining the internal environment of the body?

    <p>To distribute heat and maintain body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a function of blood clotting?

    <p>Preventing blood loss when vessels are damaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does blood help in protecting against diseases?

    <p>By defending against disease-causing micro-organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to oxyhaemoglobin when the oxygen concentration is relatively low?

    <p>It breaks down into haemoglobin and oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the blood in the arteries (excluding the pulmonary arteries) bright red?

    <p>Due to the high proportion of oxyhaemoglobin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of haemoglobin?

    <p>Purplish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is deoxygenated blood in the veins (excluding pulmonary veins) dark red?

    <p>Due to a high proportion of deoxygenated haemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does oxygen diffuse after red blood cells release it in the capillaries?

    <p>Into the tissue fluid and then into the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes oxygenated blood?

    <p>Bright red color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

    <p>To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume?

    <p>41%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume?

    <p>Hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of plasma, the liquid component of blood?

    <p>To transport cells, nutrients, wastes, hormones, proteins, and antibodies throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of plasma in the total blood volume?

    <p>55%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do red blood cells lack a nucleus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of basophils in the body?

    <p>Production of heparin and histamine to defend against parasites and bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphocyte is involved in antibody-mediated immunity?

    <p>B-lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the blood volume is made up of the formed elements?

    <p>45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the granulocytes?

    <p>Lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of plasma?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of leucocytes?

    <p>To remove dead or injured cells and invading microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is false?

    <p>They have a nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate lifespan of erythrocytes?

    <p>120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are platelets (thrombocytes) formed?

    <p>In the red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the sizes of platelets and erythrocytes compare?

    <p>Platelets are about one-third the size of erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of platelets (thrombocytes)?

    <p>To facilitate normal blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

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