Chapter 5: Circulatory System and Blood Composition
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the circulatory system?

  • Regulating body temperature
  • Absorbing oxygen
  • transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other essential substances to cells throughout the body and to remove waste products, such as carbon dioxide and metabolic byproducts, from those cells (correct)
  • Producing red blood cells

Which organs are responsible for absorbing nutrients from the environment?

  • Heart
  • Kidneys
  • Digestive system (correct)
  • Respiratory system

What is one of the functions of blood as highlighted in the text?

  • Producing antibodies against infections
  • Producing hormones for cell growth
  • Absorbing toxins from the environment
  • Maintaining ion concentration of the body fluids (correct)

Why is blood considered important in maintaining the internal environment of the body?

<p>To distribute heat and maintain body temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a function of blood clotting?

<p>Preventing blood loss when vessels are damaged (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does blood help in protecting against diseases?

<p>By defending against disease-causing micro-organisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to oxyhaemoglobin when the oxygen concentration is relatively low?

<p>It breaks down into haemoglobin and oxygen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the blood in the arteries (excluding the pulmonary arteries) bright red?

<p>Due to the high proportion of oxyhaemoglobin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of haemoglobin?

<p>Purplish (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is deoxygenated blood in the veins (excluding pulmonary veins) dark red?

<p>Due to a high proportion of deoxygenated haemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does oxygen diffuse after red blood cells release it in the capillaries?

<p>Into the tissue fluid and then into the cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes oxygenated blood?

<p>Bright red color (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

<p>To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume?

<p>41% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume?

<p>Hematocrit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasma, the liquid component of blood?

<p>To transport cells, nutrients, wastes, hormones, proteins, and antibodies throughout the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of plasma in the total blood volume?

<p>55% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do red blood cells lack a nucleus?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of basophils in the body?

<p>Production of heparin and histamine to defend against parasites and bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphocyte is involved in antibody-mediated immunity?

<p>B-lymphocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the blood volume is made up of the formed elements?

<p>45% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the granulocytes?

<p>Lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of plasma?

<p>Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of leucocytes?

<p>To remove dead or injured cells and invading microorganisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is false?

<p>They have a nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate lifespan of erythrocytes?

<p>120 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are platelets (thrombocytes) formed?

<p>In the red bone marrow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the sizes of platelets and erythrocytes compare?

<p>Platelets are about one-third the size of erythrocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of platelets (thrombocytes)?

<p>To facilitate normal blood clotting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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