Chapter 2: Diversity in Organizations
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Questions and Answers

What ability is demonstrated by an accountant when computing the sales tax on a set of items?

  • Verbal comprehension
  • Inductive reasoning
  • Memory
  • Number aptitude (correct)

Which dimension of intellectual ability is necessary for a market researcher to forecast demand for a product?

  • Perceptual speed
  • Inductive reasoning (correct)
  • Deductive reasoning
  • Verbal comprehension

What ability does a fire investigator rely on to identify visual similarities and differences when supporting a charge of arson?

  • Dynamic strength
  • Spatial visualization
  • Memory
  • Perceptual speed (correct)

In choosing between two different suggestions offered by employees, what ability is a supervisor utilizing?

<p>Deductive reasoning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An interior decorator uses which ability to imagine how an object would look when its position in space is altered?

<p>Spatial visualization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What skill is crucial for a salesperson to remember customer names effectively?

<p>Memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which basic physical ability relates to the capacity to exert muscular force repeatedly over time?

<p>Dynamic strength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability to exert muscular strength using the abdominal muscles is referred to as what?

<p>Trunk strength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major forms of workplace diversity?

<p>Demographic and Functional diversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does workplace discrimination impact organizational effectiveness?

<p>It undermines trust and collaboration among employees. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant key characteristic relevant to Organizational Behavior (OB)?

<p>Age as a biographical characteristic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes sexual harassment in the workplace?

<p>Unwanted sexual advances or conduct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of intimidation in the workplace?

<p>Making overt threats or bullying specific groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does stereotype threat refer to?

<p>The anxiety individuals feel about confirming negative stereotypes about their group. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of discriminatory policies in organizations?

<p>Targeting older workers for layoffs due to their high wages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common form of mockery or insults in the workplace?

<p>Making jokes or negative stereotypes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way organizations can effectively manage diversity?

<p>By treating employees as individuals and recognizing unique contributions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does exclusion manifest in the workplace?

<p>Certain individuals are left out of job opportunities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic usually classified under workplace diversity?

<p>Personality types (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered incivility in a workplace context?

<p>Disrespectful treatment such as interruptions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do African-American employees experience discrimination at work?

<p>They can face intimidation symbols like nooses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it harmful for organizations to refuse to recognize individual differences?

<p>It may cause disengagement and lower motivation among employees. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of exclusion in the workplace includes which of the following?

<p>Assigning women to marginal job roles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of event can lead to accusations of sexual harassment in a company?

<p>Company-paid visits to strip clubs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines a person as disabled according to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission?

<p>A person with an impairment that limits major life activities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of disabilities fall under hidden disabilities?

<p>Sensory disabilities and chronic illness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is tenure related to employee productivity?

<p>It is a good predictor of productivity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about discrimination based on sexual orientation is true?

<p>Many states do not protect against discrimination based on sexual orientation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intellectual abilities are best described as which of the following?

<p>Mental capabilities used in problem-solving and reasoning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between intellectual ability and job performance?

<p>There is a positive correlation among specific intellectual ability dimensions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of cultural identity that should be respected in organizations?

<p>Work experience. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about performance evaluations for workers with disabilities is correct?

<p>They may have higher performance evaluations but lower expectations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key outcome of effective diversity programs?

<p>More effective service to a diverse customer base (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach should managers take regarding their own biases?

<p>Challenge and assess their own stereotype beliefs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should managers consider beyond observable biographical characteristics?

<p>Individual capabilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to evaluate accommodations for employees with disabilities?

<p>To fine-tune jobs to align with individual abilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a suggested practice for managing diversity?

<p>Evaluating performance based solely on appearance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can managers enhance performance in a diverse workplace?

<p>By using a fair but individualistic approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do managers have regarding an organization's anti-discrimination policies?

<p>They need to understand them thoroughly and share with employees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Effective diversity programs emphasize developing which aspect of employees?

<p>Personal development practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key finding regarding older workers in the U.S. workforce?

<p>Older workers tend to have lower absenteeism rates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What discrepancy has been observed between male and female employees?

<p>Women have fewer professional advancement opportunities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do employees typically respond to colleagues of different races in terms of evaluations?

<p>They favor colleagues of their own race. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of biological characteristics in an organizational context?

<p>They can lead to discrimination in hiring processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a misconception about the job performance of older workers?

<p>Their job performance declines with age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of sex differences in the workplace, what is a consistent finding?

<p>No consistent differences exist in various skills between sexes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge do African Americans face compared to Whites in employment?

<p>They generally fare worse in employment decisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do laws against race and ethnic discrimination have in organizations?

<p>They help reduce discriminatory practices but do not entirely eliminate them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sexual harassment

Unwanted sexual advances, verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that create a hostile work environment.

Intimidation

Overt threats or bullying targeting specific groups of employees.

Mockery and insults

Jokes, negative stereotypes, or insults that target specific groups of employees.

Exclusion

Excluding certain individuals from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or mentorship.

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Incivility

Disrespectful treatment, including aggressive behavior, interruptions, and ignoring opinions.

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Workplace Discrimination

Treating someone unfairly based on their race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or other protected characteristics.

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Hostile work environment

Creating a hostile work environment where an employee feels uncomfortable, unsafe, or unwelcome.

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What are the key types of workplace discrimination?

Conduct that creates a hostile work environment based on sexual harassment, intimidation, mockery, exclusion or incivility.

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Ability

The ability of an individual to perform various tasks in a job.

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Intellectual Abilities

Includes cognitive abilities like thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving.

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Physical Abilities

Refers to the physical capabilities needed for a job, such as strength, flexibility, and stamina.

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General Mental Ability

An overall factor of intelligence that is suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions.

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Disability

A legal term that refers to someone with a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.

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Hidden Disabilities

A situation where people's true abilities are not recognized due to misconceptions or judgment.

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Tenure

A term used to describe the length of time an employee has been with an organization.

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Tenure (Academic)

The right of an employee to hold a job indefinitely, provided certain performance standards are met. A tenure track is a career path that often leads to tenure.

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Workplace Diversity

Recognizing and appreciating the differences among people in an organization, including age, gender, race, disability, sexual orientation, and religion.

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Stereotype Threat

The idea that people may live up or down to the negative stereotypes associated with their group.

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Discriminatory Policies or Practices

Actions or policies by an organization that deny equal opportunities for performance, compensation, or advancement based on group membership.

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Key Biographical Characteristics

Age, gender, race, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, and religion are all examples of these.

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Intellectual and Physical Abilities

The mental and physical capabilities that enable individuals to perform their jobs.

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Diversity Management

Hiring and promoting individuals based on their skills and abilities, regardless of group membership.

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Inclusive Workplace Culture

Creating a workplace environment where employees feel included, respected, and valued, regardless of their differences.

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Biographical Characteristics

Personal traits that are easily identifiable from official records and can be used for employment choices, but can also lead to discrimination.

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Aging Workforce

The aging workforce trend in the United States means that there are more older employees than in the past, and this has implications for workplace policies.

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Sex and Gender Issues

There are no consistent differences between men and women in terms of problem-solving, analytical skills, motivation, or social skills. However, women often face pay disparities and limited career opportunities.

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Race and Ethnicity in the Workplace

Legal protection exists in many countries to prevent discrimination based on race and ethnicity. However, biases can still influence how employees are evaluated, promoted, or compensated.

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Race and Ethnicity Bias in Employment

The process of systematically removing people from a pool of candidates for a job based on their race or ethnicity, creating a bias in the hiring process.

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Employee Favoritism

The perception that employees tend to unfairly favor colleagues from their own race or ethnicity when it comes to performance evaluations, promotions, and pay raises.

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Incivility in the Workplace

A workplace environment where people consistently experience subtle, yet offensive, behaviors that create a hostile atmosphere and undermine their well-being.

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Post-September 11th Backlash

The impact of the September 11th attacks on Arab Americans, leading to increased hostility, discrimination, and hate crimes.

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Legal Framework & Fair Treatment

Training managers to understand and apply equal employment opportunity laws, promoting fair treatment for all employees.

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Diverse Workforce & Customer Base

Teaching managers how to leverage a diverse workforce to effectively serve a diverse customer base.

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Personal Development for Diversity

Encouraging personal development programs that empower all employees to maximize their skills and talents.

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Understanding Anti-Discrimination Policies

Managers must understand and communicate their organization's policies against discrimination.

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Challenging Stereotypes

Managers should regularly evaluate their own beliefs and biases to ensure objective decision-making.

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Looking Beyond Appearances

Managers should focus on individual capabilities, not just surface-level characteristics, when making decisions.

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Accommodating Disabilities

Organizations should analyze the specific accommodations needed for employees with disabilities and tailor jobs accordingly.

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Respecting Individual Characteristics

Managers should value and respect the unique backgrounds of their employees, creating a fair and individualistic approach for better performance.

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Perceptual Speed

The ability to identify visual similarities and differences quickly and accurately. This skill is important for jobs that involve tasks like inspecting products, analyzing data, or interpreting visual information.

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Spatial Visualization

The ability to imagine how an object would look if its position in space were changed. This skill is essential for jobs that involve design, architecture, or spatial reasoning.

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Memory

The ability to retain and recall past experiences. This skill is crucial for jobs that require remembering information, such as sales, customer service, or research.

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Dynamic Strength

The ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time. This strength factor is essential for jobs involving physical labor or activities requiring sustained effort.

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Trunk Strength

The ability to exert muscular strength using the trunk (particularly abdominal) muscles. This strength factor is important for jobs that involve lifting, pushing, or pulling heavy objects.

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Flexibility

The ability to use the body in a coordinated way to achieve a specific goal. This factor is essential for jobs requiring precise movements, agility, and coordination.

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Balance

The ability to maintain a stable body position while performing a task. This factor is crucial for jobs requiring balance and coordination.

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Speed

The ability to move the body quickly and easily. This factor is essential for jobs that involve fast-paced activities or quick reactions.

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Study Notes

Chapter 2: Diversity in Organizations

  • This chapter explores diversity in organizations.
  • Learning objectives detail key concepts to be covered.
  • Workplace diversity encompasses surface-level and deep-level differences.
  • Surface-level diversity includes readily apparent characteristics like age, race, and sex.
  • Deep-level diversity relates to characteristics that are not immediately visible, including values and beliefs.
  • The textbook explains that an important concept is diversity management.
  • Workplace discrimination significantly hinders organizational effectiveness.
  • Different forms of discrimination, such as discriminatory policies, sexual harassment, intimidation, mockery, and exclusion and incivility, are detailed.
  • Examples of each type of discrimination in organizations are highlighted.
  • Biographical characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, disabilities) influence organizational behavior.
  • The impact of various biographical characteristics on work performance, turnover, and absenteeism are noted
  • Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disabilities are shown to be factors in employment decisions.
  • Organizations need to take into account ability, both intellectual (e.g., number aptitude, perception speed, and spatial visualization) and physical (e.g., Stamina, Body coordination and Flexibility), when considering an employee.
  • Explicit definitions, explanations, and common examples for each characteristic are provided.
  • Other characteristics relevant to organizational behavior, including tenure, religion, sexual orientation, and cultural identity, are also discussed.

Managing Diversity Effectively

  • Diversity management aims to increase awareness and sensitivity to employee needs.
  • Effective diversity programs foster fairness and inclusion.
  • Organizations can adapt programs to attract, select, develop, and retain a diverse workforce.
  • Diversity within teams and groups requires a shared understanding and effective communication strategies.
  • Expatriate adjustment strategies are critical for international assignments.
  • Effective diversity programs require managers to understand related legal frameworks, manage workforce diversity, and encourage fair treatment.

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Organizational Behavior - Chapter 2: Diversity in Organizations - PDF

Description

This quiz covers Chapter 2 on diversity in organizations, addressing both surface-level and deep-level diversity. It examines the implications of workplace discrimination and the importance of diversity management. Key concepts related to biographical characteristics influencing organizational behavior are also discussed.

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