Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the primary aim of inflammation in response to tissue injury?
Which of the following is the primary aim of inflammation in response to tissue injury?
- To induce a fever and increase metabolic rate.
- To suppress the immune response and prevent autoimmunity.
- To promote scar tissue formation immediately.
- To fight bacteria, localize infection, and remove damaged tissue. (correct)
In the context of inflammation, what is the fundamental difference between acute and chronic inflammation regarding their cellular infiltrate?
In the context of inflammation, what is the fundamental difference between acute and chronic inflammation regarding their cellular infiltrate?
- The cellular infiltrate is not a distinguishing feature between acute and chronic inflammation.
- Acute inflammation predominantly features neutrophils, whereas chronic inflammation involves lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. (correct)
- Acute inflammation primarily involves lymphocytes, while chronic inflammation involves neutrophils.
- Both acute and chronic inflammation involve the same types of cells but in different proportions.
A patient presents with a localized area of redness, swelling, heat, and pain. Which of the following vascular changes primarily accounts for these signs in acute inflammation?
A patient presents with a localized area of redness, swelling, heat, and pain. Which of the following vascular changes primarily accounts for these signs in acute inflammation?
- Decreased vascular permeability to prevent fluid leakage.
- Reduced blood flow to minimize cellular damage.
- Vasoconstriction at the site of injury.
- Vasodilatation mediated by histamine. (correct)
What is the role of Transcytosis in the context of increased vascular permeability during inflammation?
What is the role of Transcytosis in the context of increased vascular permeability during inflammation?
What is the role of inflammatory exudate in the process of inflammation?
What is the role of inflammatory exudate in the process of inflammation?
A patient has a fluctuant, tender mass with surrounding erythema. Surgical drainage reveals purulent material. This clinical presentation is most consistent with which type of acute inflammation?
A patient has a fluctuant, tender mass with surrounding erythema. Surgical drainage reveals purulent material. This clinical presentation is most consistent with which type of acute inflammation?
Which of the following cell types is most characteristic of granulomatous inflammation?
Which of the following cell types is most characteristic of granulomatous inflammation?
What is the key characteristic that distinguishes cellulitis from an abscess?
What is the key characteristic that distinguishes cellulitis from an abscess?
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for neutrophil extravasation during acute inflammation?
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for neutrophil extravasation during acute inflammation?
Chemotaxis is defined as the directed movement of neutrophils and macrophages toward an irritant. Which of the following is an example of an endogenous mediator of chemotaxis?
Chemotaxis is defined as the directed movement of neutrophils and macrophages toward an irritant. Which of the following is an example of an endogenous mediator of chemotaxis?
Opsonins enhance phagocytosis by facilitating which of the following steps?
Opsonins enhance phagocytosis by facilitating which of the following steps?
Which of the following chemical mediators of inflammation is derived from plasma?
Which of the following chemical mediators of inflammation is derived from plasma?
Pus, a hallmark of suppurative inflammation, is composed of several elements. Which of the following is a component of pus?
Pus, a hallmark of suppurative inflammation, is composed of several elements. Which of the following is a component of pus?
In the context of acute inflammation, which outcome represents a complete return to normal tissue structure and function?
In the context of acute inflammation, which outcome represents a complete return to normal tissue structure and function?
What is the primary difference between a furuncle and a carbuncle?
What is the primary difference between a furuncle and a carbuncle?
An excess of fibrin production is characteristically associated with the formation of which type of localized suppurative inflammation?
An excess of fibrin production is characteristically associated with the formation of which type of localized suppurative inflammation?
Which of the following best describes the progression from a furuncle to a carbuncle?
Which of the following best describes the progression from a furuncle to a carbuncle?
In diffuse suppurative inflammation, such as cellulitis, which enzyme is MOST likely to contribute to its spread?
In diffuse suppurative inflammation, such as cellulitis, which enzyme is MOST likely to contribute to its spread?
Which characteristic is MOST useful in differentiating between an abscess and cellulitis upon examination?
Which characteristic is MOST useful in differentiating between an abscess and cellulitis upon examination?
What is the primary difference between acute suppurative and acute non-suppurative inflammation?
What is the primary difference between acute suppurative and acute non-suppurative inflammation?
In the context of acute non-suppurative inflammation, which type is characterized by excessive watery fluid accumulation, as seen in burns?
In the context of acute non-suppurative inflammation, which type is characterized by excessive watery fluid accumulation, as seen in burns?
What is the underlying cause of chronic inflammation?
What is the underlying cause of chronic inflammation?
Which of the following is the defining characteristic of a granuloma?
Which of the following is the defining characteristic of a granuloma?
Which of the following etiologies is associated with granuloma formation?
Which of the following etiologies is associated with granuloma formation?
What is the primary cell type that constitutes the main body of a granuloma?
What is the primary cell type that constitutes the main body of a granuloma?
What distinguishes a granuloma with caseation from one without caseation?
What distinguishes a granuloma with caseation from one without caseation?
Flashcards
Inflammation
Inflammation
A local vascular and cellular response to injury or infection.
Types of Inflammation
Types of Inflammation
Two main types: Acute (fast response) and Chronic (slow response).
Acute Inflammation
Acute Inflammation
Rapid response to injury; prominent neutrophil infiltration.
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
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Exudate Formation
Exudate Formation
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Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis
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Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
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Abscess vs. Cellulitis
Abscess vs. Cellulitis
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Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen
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Extravasation
Extravasation
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Margination
Margination
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Diapedesis
Diapedesis
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Chemokines
Chemokines
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Opsonization
Opsonization
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Pus
Pus
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Serotonin
Serotonin
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Purulent
Purulent
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Abscess
Abscess
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Boil (Furuncle)
Boil (Furuncle)
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Carbuncle
Carbuncle
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Diffuse Suppurative Inflammation
Diffuse Suppurative Inflammation
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Cellulitis
Cellulitis
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Granuloma
Granuloma
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Types of Granulomas
Types of Granulomas
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Chronic Inflammation Causes
Chronic Inflammation Causes
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Components of Granuloma
Components of Granuloma
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Study Notes
Inflammation
- Inflammation is a local vascular and cellular response of living tissue to an injurious agent.
- Aims of inflammation include fighting bacteria, localizing infection, and removing damaged tissue.
- Types of inflammation include acute and chronic.
- Acute inflammation has a fast onset (minutes to hours), predominantly neutrophils are involved, congestion in blood vessels is present, and fibrosis is absent.
- Chronic inflammation has a slow onset (days), lymphocytes, plasma, and macrophages are involved, blood vessel stenosis is present, and fibrosis is present.
- Causes of inflammation include physical (trauma, heat, cold, radiation), chemical (acids, alkalis, poisons), infection (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites), and immunological (antigen-antibody, cell-mediated).
- Cells involved in acute and chronic inflammation include neutrophils (acute), lymphocytes (chronic), plasma (chronic), histiocytes (chronic), eosinophils (allergy, parasitic), mast cells (allergy), and giant cells (granuloma).
- Cardinal signs of inflammation include heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
- Systemic effects of inflammation include fever, leukocytosis, malaise, nausea, anorexia, lymphoid hyperplasia, and raised CRP and ESR.
- Events of inflammation involve vascular changes (vasodilation, increased permeability), cellular events (margination, rolling, adhesion, transmigration), chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and termination (resolution or progression to chronic inflammation).
- Chemical mediators involved include cellular (histamine, serotonin, eicosanoids, nitric oxide, platelet activating factor) and plasma (complement, kinins, clotting factors, fibrinolytic).
- Outcomes of acute inflammation may involve resolution, regression and healing, progression and spread, or progression to chronicity.
- Types of acute suppurative inflammation include localized (abscess, furuncle, carbuncle) and diffuse (cellulitis).
- Causes of localized suppurative inflammation is excess fibrin from staphylococcus while diffuse suppurative inflammation is caused by fibrinolysis, hyaluronidase and spreading factor from streptococcus haemolyticus.
- Types of acute non-suppurative inflammation include catarrhal (excess mucus), serous (excess watery fluid), fibrinous (excess fibrin), hemorrhagic, necrotizing, and allergic.
Chronic Inflammation
- Causes of chronic inflammation include persistent infection and prolonged exposure to an insult.
- Types of chronic inflammation include non-specific and specific (granuloma).
- Granuloma is a chronic, specific inflammation characterized by a nodular collection of epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, and giant cells.
- Etiology of granuloma can be infective (TB, leprosy, syphilis, parasites, fungi) and non-infective (selicosis, foreign bodies).
- Components of granuloma include epithelioid cells, langhans giant cells, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts.
- Granuloma classification includes granuloma with caseation (tuberculosis), granuloma without caseation (sarcoidosis), suppurative granuloma (cat scratch), and foreign body granuloma.
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Description
This quiz explores the aims, differences between acute and chronic inflammation, and inflammatory exudates. It covers vascular changes, cellulitis, abscesses, and granulomatous inflammation.
