Chapter 2: Application Layer Protocols Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What information does an identifier include for a process running on a host?

  • MAC address and port number
  • Domain name and port number
  • IP address and socket number
  • IP address and port number (correct)

What is the port number commonly associated with an HTTP server?

  • 25
  • 80 (correct)
  • 110
  • 443

In communication between processes, what does the app-layer protocol define?

  • Types of messages exchanged (correct)
  • MAC addresses of the communicating processes
  • Physical location of the processes
  • Data encryption techniques used

What does an open protocol allow for in terms of communication?

<p>Interoperability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an application-layer protocol?

<p>DNS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of SMTP in the email communication process?

<p>It delivers and stores emails to the receiver's mail server. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol allows users to manipulate stored messages on the mail server?

<p>IMAP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of email communication, what does POP stand for?

<p>Post Office Protocol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of DNS in a network environment?

<p>To map between IP address and name (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is commonly used by web-based email services like Gmail and Yahoo! Mail?

<p>SMTP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of information is used by Internet hosts and routers for addressing datagrams?

<p>&quot;Name&quot;, such as <a href="http://www.yahoo.com">www.yahoo.com</a> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the client-server architecture, what role does the server play?

<p>Always-on host with permanent IP address (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the P2P architecture?

<p>Arbitrary end systems directly communicate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do two processes within the same host communicate?

<p>By using the operating system's inter-process communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a server process in a network application?

<p>Waits to be contacted by client processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a socket represent in the context of network applications?

<p>An inter-process communication mechanism within hosts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the self-scalability characteristic of P2P architecture?

<p>New peers bring new service capacity and demands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a client process differ from a server process?

<p>Client processes initiate communication while server processes wait to be contacted (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of addressing processes in network applications?

<p>'To provide a unique identifier for each running process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Network Application

The process of establishing communication between two or more programs running on different computers.

Network Application Protocol

A software program used to manage the communication between different parts of a network, without requiring users to understand the underlying network details.

Client-Server Architecture

A type of network architecture where one computer (server) provides services to other computers (clients).

Peer-to-Peer Architecture

A type of network architecture where all connected computers (peers) have equal roles and can both request and provide services.

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Socket

A communication endpoint for a process within a computer, allowing it to send and receive messages.

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Process Address

A unique identifier used to distinguish between different processes within a network, consisting of an IP address and a port number.

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Application-Layer Protocol

A set of rules that define the types of messages exchanged between processes, their format, and their meaning.

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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

A protocol used to send and receive email messages between servers.

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Mail Access Protocol

A protocol used to retrieve email messages from a server.

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Domain Name System (DNS)

A system that translates human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses.

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A protocol that allows web browsers to request and receive web pages from web servers.

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Post Office Protocol (POP)

A mail access protocol that allows users to download email messages from a server.

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Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

A mail access protocol that allows users to access and manage email messages on a server.

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Remote Login Protocol (SSH)

A protocol that allows computers to establish remote connections and access resources on other computers.

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Peer-to-Peer (P2P) File Sharing Protocol

A protocol that allows computers to share files directly with each other, without the need for a central server.

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Multi-User Network Gaming Protocol

A protocol that allows computers to communicate and play multi-player games together over a network.

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Real-Time Communication Protocol

A communication protocol that allows computers to exchange messages in real-time, for example, during video calls.

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Internet Protocol Suite

A set of protocols that allow computers to communicate and share information over the internet.

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Protocol

A standard set of rules used to define how data is formatted and exchanged between computers.

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Study Notes

Application Layer

  • Goals: understand conceptual and implementation aspects of network application protocols, transport-layer service models, client-server and peer-to-peer paradigms, and popular application-level protocols.

Network Applications

  • Examples: e-mail, web, text messaging, remote login, P2P file sharing, multi-user network games, streaming stored video, voice over IP, real-time video conferencing, social networking, search.

Creating a Network App

  • Run programs on different end systems that communicate over a network.
  • No need to write software for network-core devices.
  • Applications on end systems allow for rapid app development and propagation.

Application Architectures

  • Client-server: always-on host, permanent IP address, data centers for scaling.
  • Peer-to-peer (P2P): no always-on server, arbitrary end systems directly communicate, peers request service from other peers.

Processes Communicating

  • Process: program running within a host.
  • Processes in different hosts communicate by exchanging messages.
  • Client process: initiates communication.
  • Server process: waits to be contacted.

Sockets

  • Process sends/receives messages to/from its socket.
  • Socket is analogous to a door.
  • Application process socket is controlled by the app developer.
  • Transport socket is controlled by the OS.

Addressing Processes

  • Process must have an identifier, including IP address and port numbers.
  • Examples: HTTP server: 80, mail server: 25.
  • To send an HTTP message to a web server, you need the IP address and port number.

App-layer Protocol

  • Defines types of messages exchanged, message syntax, and message semantics.
  • Examples: HTTP, SMTP.
  • Open protocols are defined in RFCs and allow for interoperability.
  • Proprietary protocols are used by applications like Skype.

Mail Access Protocols

  • SMTP: delivery/storage to receiver's server.
  • Mail access protocol: retrieval from server.
  • Examples: POP, IMAP, HTTP.

DNS

  • Domain Name System (DNS) maps between IP addresses and names.
  • People use identifiers like SSN, name, and passport number.
  • Internet hosts and routers use IP addresses.
  • DNS is used to map between IP addresses and names, and vice versa.

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Description

Test your knowledge of network application protocols, including principles of network applications, Web and HTTP, FTP, electronic mail, P2P applications, socket programming with UDP and TCP, SMTP, POP3, IMAP, and DNS Application Layer. Explore conceptual and implementation aspects, transport-layer service models, client-server paradigm, and peer-to-peer paradigm.

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