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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of including port numbers along with IP addresses in network identifiers?
What does the term 'public-domain protocol' refer to in the context of application layer protocols?
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of an application layer protocol?
In the example provided, what is the port number associated with the mail server?
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Which of the following statements about proprietary protocols is true?
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What is the main advantage of the client-server architecture over pure P2P architecture?
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Which aspect makes pure P2P architectures highly scalable but difficult to manage?
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What distinguishes a hybrid architecture from both client-server and P2P architectures?
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Why do network-core devices not need to run user applications according to the text?
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What allows for writing programs that run on different end systems and communicate over a network?
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What is a key characteristic of peers in a pure P2P architecture?
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Which network application protocol allows for emails to be sent and received?
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What is the primary function of DNS in the context of network applications?
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What type of program is described as 'program running within a host'?
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What is the primary purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?
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Why is the DNS implemented in a hierarchical and distributed manner, rather than a centralized approach?
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When a client wants to resolve the IP address for www.amazon.com, what is the typical sequence of queries in the DNS hierarchy?
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What is the purpose of having root name servers in the DNS hierarchy?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the listed root name server locations provided in the text?
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What is the purpose of host aliasing in the DNS?
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In a nonpersistent HTTP connection, what happens after the server sends the requested object to the client?
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What is the purpose of maintaining the past history or state in a client-server application?
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In the context of nonpersistent HTTP, what is the significance of the round-trip time (RTT)?
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What is the main difference between nonpersistent and persistent HTTP connections?
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In the context of nonpersistent HTTP, what is the purpose of the client initiating a TCP connection to the server on port 80?
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What is the role of the HTTP server in a nonpersistent HTTP connection?
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In the server-client approach for file distribution, the time taken to distribute a file of size F to N clients is:
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In the P2P approach for file distribution, the minimum possible time to distribute a file of size F to N clients is:
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In the example comparing server-client and P2P approaches, if the client upload rate is u, the file size is F such that F/u = 1 hour, the server upload rate is 10u, and the minimum download rate is greater than or equal to the server upload rate, what is the minimum distribution time for N=20 clients?
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In the BitTorrent protocol, what is the primary role of the tracker?
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In the context of file distribution, what does the term 'torrent' refer to in the BitTorrent protocol?
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Which of the following statements about the BitTorrent protocol is true?
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